source: 3DVCSoftware/branches/HTM-14.1-update-dev0/source/Lib/TLibEncoder/TEncSlice.cpp @ 1314

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/** \file     TEncSlice.cpp
    \brief    slice encoder class
*/

#include "TEncTop.h"
#include "TEncSlice.h"
#include <math.h>

//! \ingroup TLibEncoder
//! \{

// ====================================================================================================================
// Constructor / destructor / create / destroy
// ====================================================================================================================
TEncSlice::TEncSlice()
 : m_encCABACTableIdx(I_SLICE)
{
  m_apcPicYuvPred = NULL;
  m_apcPicYuvResi = NULL;

  m_pdRdPicLambda = NULL;
  m_pdRdPicQp     = NULL;
  m_piRdPicQp     = NULL;
}

TEncSlice::~TEncSlice()
{
}

Void TEncSlice::create( Int iWidth, Int iHeight, ChromaFormat chromaFormat, UInt iMaxCUWidth, UInt iMaxCUHeight, UChar uhTotalDepth )
{
  // create prediction picture
  if ( m_apcPicYuvPred == NULL )
  {
    m_apcPicYuvPred  = new TComPicYuv;
    m_apcPicYuvPred->create( iWidth, iHeight, chromaFormat, iMaxCUWidth, iMaxCUHeight, uhTotalDepth, true );
  }

  // create residual picture
  if( m_apcPicYuvResi == NULL )
  {
    m_apcPicYuvResi  = new TComPicYuv;
    m_apcPicYuvResi->create( iWidth, iHeight, chromaFormat, iMaxCUWidth, iMaxCUHeight, uhTotalDepth, true );
  }
}

Void TEncSlice::destroy()
{
  // destroy prediction picture
  if ( m_apcPicYuvPred )
  {
    m_apcPicYuvPred->destroy();
    delete m_apcPicYuvPred;
    m_apcPicYuvPred  = NULL;
  }

  // destroy residual picture
  if ( m_apcPicYuvResi )
  {
    m_apcPicYuvResi->destroy();
    delete m_apcPicYuvResi;
    m_apcPicYuvResi  = NULL;
  }

  // free lambda and QP arrays
  if ( m_pdRdPicLambda )
  {
    xFree( m_pdRdPicLambda );
    m_pdRdPicLambda = NULL;
  }
  if ( m_pdRdPicQp )
  {
    xFree( m_pdRdPicQp );
    m_pdRdPicQp = NULL;
  }
  if ( m_piRdPicQp )
  {
    xFree( m_piRdPicQp );
    m_piRdPicQp = NULL;
  }
}

Void TEncSlice::init( TEncTop* pcEncTop )
{
  m_pcCfg             = pcEncTop;
  m_pcListPic         = pcEncTop->getListPic();

  m_pcGOPEncoder      = pcEncTop->getGOPEncoder();
  m_pcCuEncoder       = pcEncTop->getCuEncoder();
  m_pcPredSearch      = pcEncTop->getPredSearch();

  m_pcEntropyCoder    = pcEncTop->getEntropyCoder();
  m_pcSbacCoder       = pcEncTop->getSbacCoder();
  m_pcBinCABAC        = pcEncTop->getBinCABAC();
  m_pcTrQuant         = pcEncTop->getTrQuant();

  m_pcRdCost          = pcEncTop->getRdCost();
  m_pppcRDSbacCoder   = pcEncTop->getRDSbacCoder();
  m_pcRDGoOnSbacCoder = pcEncTop->getRDGoOnSbacCoder();

  // create lambda and QP arrays
  m_pdRdPicLambda     = (Double*)xMalloc( Double, m_pcCfg->getDeltaQpRD() * 2 + 1 );
  m_pdRdPicQp         = (Double*)xMalloc( Double, m_pcCfg->getDeltaQpRD() * 2 + 1 );
  m_piRdPicQp         = (Int*   )xMalloc( Int,    m_pcCfg->getDeltaQpRD() * 2 + 1 );
#if KWU_RC_MADPRED_E0227
  if(m_pcCfg->getUseRateCtrl())
  {
    m_pcRateCtrl        = pcEncTop->getRateCtrl();
  }
  else
  {
    m_pcRateCtrl        = NULL;
  }
#else
  m_pcRateCtrl        = pcEncTop->getRateCtrl();
#endif

}



Void
TEncSlice::setUpLambda(TComSlice* slice, const Double dLambda, Int iQP)
{
  // store lambda
  m_pcRdCost ->setLambda( dLambda, slice->getSPS()->getBitDepths() );

  // for RDO
  // in RdCost there is only one lambda because the luma and chroma bits are not separated, instead we weight the distortion of chroma.
  Double dLambdas[MAX_NUM_COMPONENT] = { dLambda };
  for(UInt compIdx=1; compIdx<MAX_NUM_COMPONENT; compIdx++)
  {
    const ComponentID compID=ComponentID(compIdx);
    Int chromaQPOffset = slice->getPPS()->getQpOffset(compID) + slice->getSliceChromaQpDelta(compID);
    Int qpc=(iQP + chromaQPOffset < 0) ? iQP : getScaledChromaQP(iQP + chromaQPOffset, m_pcCfg->getChromaFormatIdc());
    Double tmpWeight = pow( 2.0, (iQP-qpc)/3.0 );  // takes into account of the chroma qp mapping and chroma qp Offset
    m_pcRdCost->setDistortionWeight(compID, tmpWeight);
    dLambdas[compIdx]=dLambda/tmpWeight;
  }

#if RDOQ_CHROMA_LAMBDA
// for RDOQ
  m_pcTrQuant->setLambdas( dLambdas );
#else
  m_pcTrQuant->setLambda( dLambda );
#endif

// For SAO
  slice   ->setLambdas( dLambdas );
}



/**
 - non-referenced frame marking
 - QP computation based on temporal structure
 - lambda computation based on QP
 - set temporal layer ID and the parameter sets
 .
 \param pcPic         picture class
 \param pocLast       POC of last picture
 \param pocCurr       current POC
 \param iNumPicRcvd   number of received pictures
 \param iGOPid        POC offset for hierarchical structure
 \param rpcSlice      slice header class
 \param isField       true for field coding
 */

#if NH_MV
Void TEncSlice::initEncSlice( TComPic* pcPic, Int pocLast, Int pocCurr, Int iGOPid, TComSlice*& rpcSlice, TComVPS* pVPS, Int layerId, bool isField )
#else
Void TEncSlice::initEncSlice( TComPic* pcPic, Int pocLast, Int pocCurr, Int iGOPid, TComSlice*& rpcSlice, Bool isField )
#endif
{
  Double dQP;
  Double dLambda;

  rpcSlice = pcPic->getSlice(0);

#if NH_MV
  rpcSlice->setVPS( pVPS ); 

  rpcSlice->setLayerId     ( layerId );
  rpcSlice->setViewId      ( pVPS->getViewId      ( layerId ) );    
  rpcSlice->setViewIndex   ( pVPS->getViewIndex   ( layerId ) );
#if NH_3D
  rpcSlice->setIsDepth     ( pVPS->getDepthId     ( layerId ) != 0 );    
#endif
#endif
  rpcSlice->setSliceBits(0);
  rpcSlice->setPic( pcPic );
  rpcSlice->initSlice();
  rpcSlice->setPicOutputFlag( true );
  rpcSlice->setPOC( pocCurr );
#if H_3D_IC
  rpcSlice->setApplyIC( false );
#endif
  // depth computation based on GOP size
  Int depth;
  {

    Int poc = rpcSlice->getPOC();
    if(isField)
    {
      poc = (poc/2) % (m_pcCfg->getGOPSize()/2);
    }
    else
    {
      poc = poc % m_pcCfg->getGOPSize();   
    }
    if ( poc == 0 )
    {
      depth = 0;
    }
    else
    {
      Int step = m_pcCfg->getGOPSize();
      depth    = 0;
      for( Int i=step>>1; i>=1; i>>=1 )
      {
        for ( Int j=i; j<m_pcCfg->getGOPSize(); j+=step )
        {
          if ( j == poc )
          {
            i=0;
            break;
          }
        }
        step >>= 1;
        depth++;
      }
    }

    if(m_pcCfg->getHarmonizeGopFirstFieldCoupleEnabled() && poc != 0)
    {
      if (isField && ((rpcSlice->getPOC() % 2) == 1))
      {
        depth ++;
      }
    }
  }

  // slice type
#if NH_MV
  SliceType eSliceTypeBaseView;
  if( pocLast == 0 || pocCurr % m_pcCfg->getIntraPeriod() == 0 || m_pcGOPEncoder->getGOPSize() == 0 )
  {
    eSliceTypeBaseView = I_SLICE;
  }
  else
  {
    eSliceTypeBaseView = B_SLICE;
  }
  SliceType eSliceType = eSliceTypeBaseView;
  if( eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE && m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(MAX_GOP).m_POC == 0 && m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(MAX_GOP).m_sliceType != 'I' )
  {
    eSliceType = B_SLICE; 
  }
#else
  SliceType eSliceType;

  eSliceType=B_SLICE;
  if(!(isField && pocLast == 1) || !m_pcCfg->getEfficientFieldIRAPEnabled())
  {
    if(m_pcCfg->getDecodingRefreshType() == 3)
    {
      eSliceType = (pocLast == 0 || pocCurr % m_pcCfg->getIntraPeriod() == 0             || m_pcGOPEncoder->getGOPSize() == 0) ? I_SLICE : eSliceType;
    }
    else
    {
      eSliceType = (pocLast == 0 || (pocCurr - (isField ? 1 : 0)) % m_pcCfg->getIntraPeriod() == 0 || m_pcGOPEncoder->getGOPSize() == 0) ? I_SLICE : eSliceType;
    }
  }
#endif
  rpcSlice->setSliceType    ( eSliceType );

  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Non-referenced frame marking
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  if(pocLast == 0)
  {
    rpcSlice->setTemporalLayerNonReferenceFlag(false);
  }
  else
  {
#if 0 // Check this! NH_MV
    rpcSlice->setTemporalLayerNonReferenceFlag(!m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry( (eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid ).m_refPic);
#else
    rpcSlice->setTemporalLayerNonReferenceFlag(!m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_refPic);
#endif
  }
  rpcSlice->setReferenced(true);

  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // QP setting
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  dQP = m_pcCfg->getQP();
  if(eSliceType!=I_SLICE)
  {
    if (!(( m_pcCfg->getMaxDeltaQP() == 0 ) && (dQP == -rpcSlice->getSPS()->getQpBDOffset(CHANNEL_TYPE_LUMA) ) && (rpcSlice->getPPS()->getTransquantBypassEnableFlag())))
    {
#if NH_MV
      dQP += m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry( (eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid ).m_QPOffset;
#else
      dQP += m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_QPOffset;
#endif
    }
  }

  // modify QP
  Int* pdQPs = m_pcCfg->getdQPs();
  if ( pdQPs )
  {
    dQP += pdQPs[ rpcSlice->getPOC() ];
  }

  if (m_pcCfg->getCostMode()==COST_LOSSLESS_CODING)
  {
    dQP=LOSSLESS_AND_MIXED_LOSSLESS_RD_COST_TEST_QP;
    m_pcCfg->setDeltaQpRD(0);
  }

  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Lambda computation
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Int iQP;
  Double dOrigQP = dQP;

  // pre-compute lambda and QP values for all possible QP candidates
  for ( Int iDQpIdx = 0; iDQpIdx < 2 * m_pcCfg->getDeltaQpRD() + 1; iDQpIdx++ )
  {
    // compute QP value
    dQP = dOrigQP + ((iDQpIdx+1)>>1)*(iDQpIdx%2 ? -1 : 1);

    // compute lambda value
    Int    NumberBFrames = ( m_pcCfg->getGOPSize() - 1 );
    Int    SHIFT_QP = 12;

    Double dLambda_scale = 1.0 - Clip3( 0.0, 0.5, 0.05*(Double)(isField ? NumberBFrames/2 : NumberBFrames) );

#if FULL_NBIT
    Int    bitdepth_luma_qp_scale = 6 * (rpcSlice->getSPS()->getBitDepth(CHANNEL_TYPE_LUMA) - 8);
#else
    Int    bitdepth_luma_qp_scale = 0;
#endif
    Double qp_temp = (Double) dQP + bitdepth_luma_qp_scale - SHIFT_QP;
#if FULL_NBIT
    Double qp_temp_orig = (Double) dQP - SHIFT_QP;
#endif
    // Case #1: I or P-slices (key-frame)
#if NH_MV
    Double dQPFactor;
    if( eSliceType != I_SLICE ) 
    {
      dQPFactor = m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry( (eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid ).m_QPFactor;
    }
    else
#else
    Double dQPFactor = m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_QPFactor;
    if ( eSliceType==I_SLICE )
#endif
    {
      dQPFactor=0.57*dLambda_scale;
    }
    dLambda = dQPFactor*pow( 2.0, qp_temp/3.0 );

    if ( depth>0 )
    {
#if FULL_NBIT
        dLambda *= Clip3( 2.00, 4.00, (qp_temp_orig / 6.0) ); // (j == B_SLICE && p_cur_frm->layer != 0 )
#else
        dLambda *= Clip3( 2.00, 4.00, (qp_temp / 6.0) ); // (j == B_SLICE && p_cur_frm->layer != 0 )
#endif
    }

    // if hadamard is used in ME process
    if ( !m_pcCfg->getUseHADME() && rpcSlice->getSliceType( ) != I_SLICE )
    {
      dLambda *= 0.95;
    }

    iQP = max( -rpcSlice->getSPS()->getQpBDOffset(CHANNEL_TYPE_LUMA), min( MAX_QP, (Int) floor( dQP + 0.5 ) ) );

    m_pdRdPicLambda[iDQpIdx] = dLambda;
    m_pdRdPicQp    [iDQpIdx] = dQP;
    m_piRdPicQp    [iDQpIdx] = iQP;
  }

  // obtain dQP = 0 case
  dLambda = m_pdRdPicLambda[0];
  dQP     = m_pdRdPicQp    [0];
  iQP     = m_piRdPicQp    [0];

  if( rpcSlice->getSliceType( ) != I_SLICE )
  {
#if NH_MV
    dLambda *= m_pcCfg->getLambdaModifier( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry((eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid).m_temporalId );
#else
    dLambda *= m_pcCfg->getLambdaModifier( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_temporalId );
#endif
  }

  setUpLambda(rpcSlice, dLambda, iQP);

#if NH_3D_VSO
  m_pcRdCost->setUseLambdaScaleVSO  ( (m_pcCfg->getUseVSO() ||  m_pcCfg->getForceLambdaScaleVSO()) && m_pcCfg->getIsDepth() );
  m_pcRdCost->setLambdaVSO          ( dLambda * m_pcCfg->getLambdaScaleVSO() );

  // Should be moved to TEncTop
  
  // SAIT_VSO_EST_A0033
  m_pcRdCost->setDisparityCoeff( m_pcCfg->getDispCoeff() );

  // LGE_WVSO_A0119
  if( m_pcCfg->getUseWVSO() && m_pcCfg->getIsDepth() )
  {
    m_pcRdCost->setDWeight  ( m_pcCfg->getDWeight()   );
    m_pcRdCost->setVSOWeight( m_pcCfg->getVSOWeight() );
    m_pcRdCost->setVSDWeight( m_pcCfg->getVSDWeight() );
  }

#endif

  if (m_pcCfg->getFastMEForGenBLowDelayEnabled())
  {
  // restore original slice type
#if NH_MV
  eSliceType = eSliceTypeBaseView;
  if( eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE && m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(MAX_GOP).m_POC == 0 && m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(MAX_GOP).m_sliceType != 'I' )
  {
    eSliceType = B_SLICE;
  }
#else
    if(!(isField && pocLast == 1) || !m_pcCfg->getEfficientFieldIRAPEnabled())
  {
    if(m_pcCfg->getDecodingRefreshType() == 3)
    {
      eSliceType = (pocLast == 0 || (pocCurr)                     % m_pcCfg->getIntraPeriod() == 0 || m_pcGOPEncoder->getGOPSize() == 0) ? I_SLICE : eSliceType;
    }
    else
    {
      eSliceType = (pocLast == 0 || (pocCurr - (isField ? 1 : 0)) % m_pcCfg->getIntraPeriod() == 0 || m_pcGOPEncoder->getGOPSize() == 0) ? I_SLICE : eSliceType;

    }
  }
#endif

  rpcSlice->setSliceType        ( eSliceType );
}

  if (m_pcCfg->getUseRecalculateQPAccordingToLambda())
  {
    dQP = xGetQPValueAccordingToLambda( dLambda );
    iQP = max( -rpcSlice->getSPS()->getQpBDOffset(CHANNEL_TYPE_LUMA), min( MAX_QP, (Int) floor( dQP + 0.5 ) ) );
  }

  rpcSlice->setSliceQp           ( iQP );
#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
  rpcSlice->setSliceQpBase       ( iQP );
#endif
  rpcSlice->setSliceQpDelta      ( 0 );
  rpcSlice->setSliceChromaQpDelta( COMPONENT_Cb, 0 );
  rpcSlice->setSliceChromaQpDelta( COMPONENT_Cr, 0 );
  rpcSlice->setUseChromaQpAdj( rpcSlice->getPPS()->getPpsRangeExtension().getChromaQpOffsetListEnabledFlag() );
#if NH_MV
  rpcSlice->setNumRefIdx(REF_PIC_LIST_0,m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry( (eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid ).m_numRefPicsActive);
  rpcSlice->setNumRefIdx(REF_PIC_LIST_1,m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry( (eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid ).m_numRefPicsActive);
#else
  rpcSlice->setNumRefIdx(REF_PIC_LIST_0,m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_numRefPicsActive);
  rpcSlice->setNumRefIdx(REF_PIC_LIST_1,m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_numRefPicsActive);
#endif

  if ( m_pcCfg->getDeblockingFilterMetric() )
  {
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterOverrideFlag(true);
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterDisable(false);
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterBetaOffsetDiv2( 0 );
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterTcOffsetDiv2( 0 );
  }
  else if (rpcSlice->getPPS()->getDeblockingFilterControlPresentFlag())
  {
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterOverrideFlag( rpcSlice->getPPS()->getDeblockingFilterOverrideEnabledFlag() );
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterDisable( rpcSlice->getPPS()->getPicDisableDeblockingFilterFlag() );
    if ( !rpcSlice->getDeblockingFilterDisable())
    {
      if ( rpcSlice->getDeblockingFilterOverrideFlag() && eSliceType!=I_SLICE)
      {
#if NH_MV
        rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterBetaOffsetDiv2( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry((eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid).m_betaOffsetDiv2 + m_pcCfg->getLoopFilterBetaOffset()  );
        rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterTcOffsetDiv2( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry((eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid).m_tcOffsetDiv2 + m_pcCfg->getLoopFilterTcOffset() );
#else
        rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterBetaOffsetDiv2( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_betaOffsetDiv2 + m_pcCfg->getLoopFilterBetaOffset()  );
        rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterTcOffsetDiv2( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_tcOffsetDiv2 + m_pcCfg->getLoopFilterTcOffset() );
#endif
      }
      else
      {
        rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterBetaOffsetDiv2( m_pcCfg->getLoopFilterBetaOffset() );
        rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterTcOffsetDiv2( m_pcCfg->getLoopFilterTcOffset() );
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterOverrideFlag( false );
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterDisable( false );
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterBetaOffsetDiv2( 0 );
    rpcSlice->setDeblockingFilterTcOffsetDiv2( 0 );
  }

  rpcSlice->setDepth            ( depth );

#if NH_MV
  pcPic->setTLayer( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry( (eSliceTypeBaseView == I_SLICE) ? MAX_GOP : iGOPid ).m_temporalId );
#else
  pcPic->setTLayer( m_pcCfg->getGOPEntry(iGOPid).m_temporalId );
#endif
  if(eSliceType==I_SLICE)
  {
    pcPic->setTLayer(0);
  }
  rpcSlice->setTLayer( pcPic->getTLayer() );

  assert( m_apcPicYuvPred );
  assert( m_apcPicYuvResi );

  pcPic->setPicYuvPred( m_apcPicYuvPred );
  pcPic->setPicYuvResi( m_apcPicYuvResi );
  rpcSlice->setSliceMode            ( m_pcCfg->getSliceMode()            );
  rpcSlice->setSliceArgument        ( m_pcCfg->getSliceArgument()        );
  rpcSlice->setSliceSegmentMode     ( m_pcCfg->getSliceSegmentMode()     );
  rpcSlice->setSliceSegmentArgument ( m_pcCfg->getSliceSegmentArgument() );
#if H_3D_IV_MERGE
#else
  rpcSlice->setMaxNumMergeCand        ( m_pcCfg->getMaxNumMergeCand()        );
#endif
}

Void TEncSlice::resetQP( TComPic* pic, Int sliceQP, Double lambda )
{
  TComSlice* slice = pic->getSlice(0);

  // store lambda
  slice->setSliceQp( sliceQP );
#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
  slice->setSliceQpBase ( sliceQP );
#endif
  setUpLambda(slice, lambda, sliceQP);
}

// ====================================================================================================================
// Public member functions
// ====================================================================================================================

Void TEncSlice::setSearchRange( TComSlice* pcSlice )
{
  Int iCurrPOC = pcSlice->getPOC();
  Int iRefPOC;
  Int iGOPSize = m_pcCfg->getGOPSize();
  Int iOffset = (iGOPSize >> 1);
  Int iMaxSR = m_pcCfg->getSearchRange();
  Int iNumPredDir = pcSlice->isInterP() ? 1 : 2;

  for (Int iDir = 0; iDir <= iNumPredDir; iDir++)
  {
    //RefPicList e = (RefPicList)iDir;
    RefPicList  e = ( iDir ? REF_PIC_LIST_1 : REF_PIC_LIST_0 );
    for (Int iRefIdx = 0; iRefIdx < pcSlice->getNumRefIdx(e); iRefIdx++)
    {
      iRefPOC = pcSlice->getRefPic(e, iRefIdx)->getPOC();
      Int iNewSR = Clip3(8, iMaxSR, (iMaxSR*ADAPT_SR_SCALE*abs(iCurrPOC - iRefPOC)+iOffset)/iGOPSize);
      m_pcPredSearch->setAdaptiveSearchRange(iDir, iRefIdx, iNewSR);
    }
  }
}

/**
 Multi-loop slice encoding for different slice QP

 \param pcPic    picture class
 */
Void TEncSlice::precompressSlice( TComPic* pcPic )
{
  // if deltaQP RD is not used, simply return
  if ( m_pcCfg->getDeltaQpRD() == 0 )
  {
    return;
  }

  if ( m_pcCfg->getUseRateCtrl() )
  {
    printf( "\nMultiple QP optimization is not allowed when rate control is enabled." );
    assert(0);
    return;
  }

  TComSlice* pcSlice        = pcPic->getSlice(getSliceIdx());

  if (pcSlice->getDependentSliceSegmentFlag())
  {
    // if this is a dependent slice segment, then it was optimised
    // when analysing the entire slice.
    return;
  }

  if (pcSlice->getSliceMode()==FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES)
  {
    // TODO: investigate use of average cost per CTU so that this Slice Mode can be used.
    printf( "\nUnable to optimise Slice-level QP if Slice Mode is set to FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES\n" );
    assert(0);
    return;
  }


  Double     dPicRdCostBest = MAX_DOUBLE;
  UInt       uiQpIdxBest = 0;

  Double dFrameLambda;
#if FULL_NBIT
  Int    SHIFT_QP = 12 + 6 * (pcSlice->getSPS()->getBitDepth(CHANNEL_TYPE_LUMA) - 8);
#else
  Int    SHIFT_QP = 12;
#endif

  // set frame lambda
  if (m_pcCfg->getGOPSize() > 1)
  {
    dFrameLambda = 0.68 * pow (2, (m_piRdPicQp[0]  - SHIFT_QP) / 3.0) * (pcSlice->isInterB()? 2 : 1);
  }
  else
  {
    dFrameLambda = 0.68 * pow (2, (m_piRdPicQp[0] - SHIFT_QP) / 3.0);
  }
  m_pcRdCost      ->setFrameLambda(dFrameLambda);

  // for each QP candidate
  for ( UInt uiQpIdx = 0; uiQpIdx < 2 * m_pcCfg->getDeltaQpRD() + 1; uiQpIdx++ )
  {
    pcSlice       ->setSliceQp             ( m_piRdPicQp    [uiQpIdx] );
#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
    pcSlice       ->setSliceQpBase         ( m_piRdPicQp    [uiQpIdx] );
#endif
    setUpLambda(pcSlice, m_pdRdPicLambda[uiQpIdx], m_piRdPicQp    [uiQpIdx]);

    // try compress
    compressSlice   ( pcPic, true );

#if NH_3D_VSO
    Dist64 uiPicDist        = m_uiPicDist;
#else
    UInt64 uiPicDist        = m_uiPicDist; // Distortion, as calculated by compressSlice.
    // NOTE: This distortion is the chroma-weighted SSE distortion for the slice.
    //       Previously a standard SSE distortion was calculated (for the entire frame).
    //       Which is correct?

    // TODO: Update loop filter, SAO and distortion calculation to work on one slice only.
    // m_pcGOPEncoder->preLoopFilterPicAll( pcPic, uiPicDist );

#endif

    // compute RD cost and choose the best
    Double dPicRdCost = m_pcRdCost->calcRdCost64( m_uiPicTotalBits, uiPicDist, true, DF_SSE_FRAME); // NOTE: Is the 'true' parameter really necessary?
#if H_3D
    // Above calculation need to be fixed for VSO, including frameLambda value. 
#endif

    if ( dPicRdCost < dPicRdCostBest )
    {
      uiQpIdxBest    = uiQpIdx;
      dPicRdCostBest = dPicRdCost;
    }
  }

  // set best values
  pcSlice       ->setSliceQp             ( m_piRdPicQp    [uiQpIdxBest] );
#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
  pcSlice       ->setSliceQpBase         ( m_piRdPicQp    [uiQpIdxBest] );
#endif
  setUpLambda(pcSlice, m_pdRdPicLambda[uiQpIdxBest], m_piRdPicQp    [uiQpIdxBest]);
}

Void TEncSlice::calCostSliceI(TComPic* pcPic) // TODO: this only analyses the first slice segment. What about the others?
{
  Double            iSumHadSlice      = 0;
  TComSlice * const pcSlice           = pcPic->getSlice(getSliceIdx());
  const TComSPS    &sps               = *(pcSlice->getSPS());
  const Int         shift             = sps.getBitDepth(CHANNEL_TYPE_LUMA)-8;
  const Int         offset            = (shift>0)?(1<<(shift-1)):0;

  pcSlice->setSliceSegmentBits(0);

  UInt startCtuTsAddr, boundingCtuTsAddr;
  xDetermineStartAndBoundingCtuTsAddr ( startCtuTsAddr, boundingCtuTsAddr, pcPic );

  for( UInt ctuTsAddr = startCtuTsAddr, ctuRsAddr = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap( startCtuTsAddr);
       ctuTsAddr < boundingCtuTsAddr;
       ctuRsAddr = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap(++ctuTsAddr) )
  {
    // initialize CU encoder
    TComDataCU* pCtu = pcPic->getCtu( ctuRsAddr );
    pCtu->initCtu( pcPic, ctuRsAddr );

    Int height  = min( sps.getMaxCUHeight(),sps.getPicHeightInLumaSamples() - ctuRsAddr / pcPic->getFrameWidthInCtus() * sps.getMaxCUHeight() );
    Int width   = min( sps.getMaxCUWidth(), sps.getPicWidthInLumaSamples()  - ctuRsAddr % pcPic->getFrameWidthInCtus() * sps.getMaxCUWidth() );

    Int iSumHad = m_pcCuEncoder->updateCtuDataISlice(pCtu, width, height);

    (m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCU(ctuRsAddr)).m_costIntra=(iSumHad+offset)>>shift;
    iSumHadSlice += (m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCU(ctuRsAddr)).m_costIntra;

  }
  m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->setTotalIntraCost(iSumHadSlice);
}

/** \param pcPic   picture class
 */
Void TEncSlice::compressSlice( TComPic* pcPic, const Bool bCompressEntireSlice )
{
  // if bCompressEntireSlice is true, then the entire slice (not slice segment) is compressed,
  //   effectively disabling the slice-segment-mode.

  UInt   startCtuTsAddr;
  UInt   boundingCtuTsAddr;
  TComSlice* const pcSlice            = pcPic->getSlice(getSliceIdx());
  pcSlice->setSliceSegmentBits(0);
  xDetermineStartAndBoundingCtuTsAddr ( startCtuTsAddr, boundingCtuTsAddr, pcPic );
  if (bCompressEntireSlice)
  {
    boundingCtuTsAddr = pcSlice->getSliceCurEndCtuTsAddr();
    pcSlice->setSliceSegmentCurEndCtuTsAddr(boundingCtuTsAddr);
  }

  // initialize cost values - these are used by precompressSlice (they should be parameters).
  m_uiPicTotalBits  = 0;
  m_dPicRdCost      = 0; // NOTE: This is a write-only variable!
  m_uiPicDist       = 0;

  m_pcEntropyCoder->setEntropyCoder   ( m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST] );
  m_pcEntropyCoder->resetEntropy      ( pcSlice );

  TEncBinCABAC* pRDSbacCoder = (TEncBinCABAC *) m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]->getEncBinIf();
  pRDSbacCoder->setBinCountingEnableFlag( false );
  pRDSbacCoder->setBinsCoded( 0 );

  TComBitCounter  tempBitCounter;
  const UInt      frameWidthInCtus = pcPic->getPicSym()->getFrameWidthInCtus();

  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  //  Weighted Prediction parameters estimation.
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // calculate AC/DC values for current picture
  if( pcSlice->getPPS()->getUseWP() || pcSlice->getPPS()->getWPBiPred() )
  {
    xCalcACDCParamSlice(pcSlice);
  }

  const Bool bWp_explicit = (pcSlice->getSliceType()==P_SLICE && pcSlice->getPPS()->getUseWP()) || (pcSlice->getSliceType()==B_SLICE && pcSlice->getPPS()->getWPBiPred());

  if ( bWp_explicit )
  {
    //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //  Weighted Prediction implemented at Slice level. SliceMode=2 is not supported yet.
    //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    if ( pcSlice->getSliceMode()==FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES || pcSlice->getSliceSegmentMode()==FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES )
    {
      printf("Weighted Prediction is not supported with slice mode determined by max number of bins.\n"); exit(0);
    }

    xEstimateWPParamSlice( pcSlice );
    pcSlice->initWpScaling(pcSlice->getSPS());

    // check WP on/off
    xCheckWPEnable( pcSlice );
  }

#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
  if( m_pcCfg->getUseAdaptQpSelect() && !(pcSlice->getDependentSliceSegmentFlag()))
  {
    // TODO: this won't work with dependent slices: they do not have their own QP. Check fix to mask clause execution with && !(pcSlice->getDependentSliceSegmentFlag())
    m_pcTrQuant->clearSliceARLCnt(); // TODO: this looks wrong for multiple slices - the results of all but the last slice will be cleared before they are used (all slices compressed, and then all slices encoded)
    if(pcSlice->getSliceType()!=I_SLICE)
    {
      Int qpBase = pcSlice->getSliceQpBase();
      pcSlice->setSliceQp(qpBase + m_pcTrQuant->getQpDelta(qpBase));
    }
  }
#endif

#if H_3D_IC
  if ( pcEncTop->getViewIndex() && pcEncTop->getUseIC() &&
       !( ( pcSlice->getSliceType() == P_SLICE && pcSlice->getPPS()->getUseWP() ) || ( pcSlice->getSliceType() == B_SLICE && pcSlice->getPPS()->getWPBiPred() ) )
     )
  {
    pcSlice ->xSetApplyIC(pcEncTop->getUseICLowLatencyEnc());
    if ( pcSlice->getApplyIC() )
    {
      pcSlice->setIcSkipParseFlag( pcSlice->getPOC() % m_pcCfg->getIntraPeriod() != 0 );
    }
  }
#endif



  // Adjust initial state if this is the start of a dependent slice.
  {
    const UInt      ctuRsAddr               = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap( startCtuTsAddr);
    const UInt      currentTileIdx          = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTileIdxMap(ctuRsAddr);
    const TComTile *pCurrentTile            = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTComTile(currentTileIdx);
    const UInt      firstCtuRsAddrOfTile    = pCurrentTile->getFirstCtuRsAddr();
    if( pcSlice->getDependentSliceSegmentFlag() && ctuRsAddr != firstCtuRsAddrOfTile )
    {
      // This will only occur if dependent slice-segments (m_entropyCodingSyncContextState=true) are being used.
      if( pCurrentTile->getTileWidthInCtus() >= 2 || !m_pcCfg->getWaveFrontsynchro() )
      {
        m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]->loadContexts( &m_lastSliceSegmentEndContextState );
      }
    }
  }

  // for every CTU in the slice segment (may terminate sooner if there is a byte limit on the slice-segment)
#if NH_3D_VSO
  Int iLastPosY = -1;
#endif

  for( UInt ctuTsAddr = startCtuTsAddr; ctuTsAddr < boundingCtuTsAddr; ++ctuTsAddr )
  {
    const UInt ctuRsAddr = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap(ctuTsAddr);
    // initialize CTU encoder
    TComDataCU* pCtu = pcPic->getCtu( ctuRsAddr );
    pCtu->initCtu( pcPic, ctuRsAddr );
#if NH_3D_VSO
    if ( m_pcRdCost->getUseRenModel() )
    {
      // updated renderer model if necessary
      Int iCurPosX;
      Int iCurPosY; 
      pCtu->getPosInPic(0, iCurPosX, iCurPosY );
      if ( iCurPosY != iLastPosY )
      {
        iLastPosY = iCurPosY;         
        TEncTop* pcEncTop = (TEncTop*) m_pcCfg; // Fix this later.
        pcEncTop->setupRenModel( pcSlice->getPOC() , pcSlice->getViewIndex(), pcSlice->getIsDepth() ? 1 : 0, iCurPosY, pcSlice->getSPS()->getMaxCUHeight() );
      }
    }
#endif

    // update CABAC state
    const UInt firstCtuRsAddrOfTile = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTComTile(pcPic->getPicSym()->getTileIdxMap(ctuRsAddr))->getFirstCtuRsAddr();
    const UInt tileXPosInCtus = firstCtuRsAddrOfTile % frameWidthInCtus;
    const UInt ctuXPosInCtus  = ctuRsAddr % frameWidthInCtus;
    
    if (ctuRsAddr == firstCtuRsAddrOfTile)
    {
      m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]->resetEntropy(pcSlice);
    }
    else if ( ctuXPosInCtus == tileXPosInCtus && m_pcCfg->getWaveFrontsynchro())
    {
      // reset and then update contexts to the state at the end of the top-right CTU (if within current slice and tile).
      m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]->resetEntropy(pcSlice);
      // Sync if the Top-Right is available.
      TComDataCU *pCtuUp = pCtu->getCtuAbove();
      if ( pCtuUp && ((ctuRsAddr%frameWidthInCtus+1) < frameWidthInCtus)  )
      {
        TComDataCU *pCtuTR = pcPic->getCtu( ctuRsAddr - frameWidthInCtus + 1 );
        if ( pCtu->CUIsFromSameSliceAndTile(pCtuTR) )
        {
          // Top-Right is available, we use it.
          m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]->loadContexts( &m_entropyCodingSyncContextState );
        }
      }
    }

    // set go-on entropy coder (used for all trial encodings - the cu encoder and encoder search also have a copy of the same pointer)
    m_pcEntropyCoder->setEntropyCoder ( m_pcRDGoOnSbacCoder );
    m_pcEntropyCoder->setBitstream( &tempBitCounter );
    tempBitCounter.resetBits();
    m_pcRDGoOnSbacCoder->load( m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST] ); // this copy is not strictly necessary here, but indicates that the GoOnSbacCoder
                                                                     // is reset to a known state before every decision process.

    ((TEncBinCABAC*)m_pcRDGoOnSbacCoder->getEncBinIf())->setBinCountingEnableFlag(true);

    Double oldLambda = m_pcRdCost->getLambda();
    if ( m_pcCfg->getUseRateCtrl() )
    {
      Int estQP        = pcSlice->getSliceQp();
      Double estLambda = -1.0;
      Double bpp       = -1.0;

      if ( ( pcPic->getSlice( 0 )->getSliceType() == I_SLICE && m_pcCfg->getForceIntraQP() ) || !m_pcCfg->getLCULevelRC() )
      {
        estQP = pcSlice->getSliceQp();
      }
      else
      {
#if KWU_RC_MADPRED_E0227
          if(pcSlice->getLayerId() != 0 && m_pcCfg->getUseDepthMADPred() && !pcSlice->getIsDepth())
          {
            Double zn, zf, focallength, position, camShift;
            Double basePos;
            Bool bInterpolated;
            Int direction = pcSlice->getViewId() - pcCU->getSlice()->getIvPic(false, 0)->getViewId();
            Int disparity;

            pcEncTop->getCamParam()->xGetZNearZFar(pcEncTop->getCamParam()->getBaseViewNumbers()[pcSlice->getViewIndex()], pcSlice->getPOC(), zn, zf);
            pcEncTop->getCamParam()->xGetGeometryData(pcEncTop->getCamParam()->getBaseViewNumbers()[0], pcSlice->getPOC(), focallength, basePos, camShift, bInterpolated);
            pcEncTop->getCamParam()->xGetGeometryData(pcEncTop->getCamParam()->getBaseViewNumbers()[pcSlice->getViewIndex()], pcSlice->getPOC(), focallength, position, camShift, bInterpolated);
            bpp       = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUTargetBppforInterView( m_pcRateCtrl->getPicList(), pcCU,
              basePos, position, focallength, zn, zf, (direction > 0 ? 1 : -1), &disparity );
          }
          else
          {
#endif
        bpp = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUTargetBpp(pcSlice->getSliceType());
        if ( pcPic->getSlice( 0 )->getSliceType() == I_SLICE)
        {
          estLambda = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstLambdaAndQP(bpp, pcSlice->getSliceQp(), &estQP);
        }
        else
        {
          estLambda = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstLambda( bpp );
          estQP     = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstQP    ( estLambda, pcSlice->getSliceQp() );
        }
#if KWU_RC_MADPRED_E0227
          estLambda = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstLambda( bpp );
          estQP     = m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUEstQP    ( estLambda, pcSlice->getSliceQp() );
#endif

        estQP     = Clip3( -pcSlice->getSPS()->getQpBDOffset(CHANNEL_TYPE_LUMA), MAX_QP, estQP );

        m_pcRdCost->setLambda(estLambda, pcSlice->getSPS()->getBitDepths());

#if RDOQ_CHROMA_LAMBDA
        // set lambda for RDOQ
        const Double chromaLambda = estLambda / m_pcRdCost->getChromaWeight();
        const Double lambdaArray[MAX_NUM_COMPONENT] = { estLambda, chromaLambda, chromaLambda };
        m_pcTrQuant->setLambdas( lambdaArray );
#else
        m_pcTrQuant->setLambda( estLambda );
#endif
      }

      m_pcRateCtrl->setRCQP( estQP );
#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
      pCtu->getSlice()->setSliceQpBase( estQP );
#endif
    }

    // run CTU trial encoder
    m_pcCuEncoder->compressCtu( pCtu );


    // All CTU decisions have now been made. Restore entropy coder to an initial stage, ready to make a true encode,
    // which will result in the state of the contexts being correct. It will also count up the number of bits coded,
    // which is used if there is a limit of the number of bytes per slice-segment.

    m_pcEntropyCoder->setEntropyCoder ( m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST] );
    m_pcEntropyCoder->setBitstream( &tempBitCounter );
    pRDSbacCoder->setBinCountingEnableFlag( true );
    m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]->resetBits();
    pRDSbacCoder->setBinsCoded( 0 );

    // encode CTU and calculate the true bit counters.
    m_pcCuEncoder->encodeCtu( pCtu );


    pRDSbacCoder->setBinCountingEnableFlag( false );

    const Int numberOfWrittenBits = m_pcEntropyCoder->getNumberOfWrittenBits();

    // Calculate if this CTU puts us over slice bit size.
    // cannot terminate if current slice/slice-segment would be 0 Ctu in size,
    const UInt validEndOfSliceCtuTsAddr = ctuTsAddr + (ctuTsAddr == startCtuTsAddr ? 1 : 0);
    // Set slice end parameter
    if(pcSlice->getSliceMode()==FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES && pcSlice->getSliceBits()+numberOfWrittenBits > (pcSlice->getSliceArgument()<<3))
    {
      pcSlice->setSliceSegmentCurEndCtuTsAddr(validEndOfSliceCtuTsAddr);
      pcSlice->setSliceCurEndCtuTsAddr(validEndOfSliceCtuTsAddr);
      boundingCtuTsAddr=validEndOfSliceCtuTsAddr;
    }
    else if((!bCompressEntireSlice) && pcSlice->getSliceSegmentMode()==FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES && pcSlice->getSliceSegmentBits()+numberOfWrittenBits > (pcSlice->getSliceSegmentArgument()<<3))
    {
      pcSlice->setSliceSegmentCurEndCtuTsAddr(validEndOfSliceCtuTsAddr);
      boundingCtuTsAddr=validEndOfSliceCtuTsAddr;
    }

    if (boundingCtuTsAddr <= ctuTsAddr)
    {
      break;
    }

    pcSlice->setSliceBits( (UInt)(pcSlice->getSliceBits() + numberOfWrittenBits) );
    pcSlice->setSliceSegmentBits(pcSlice->getSliceSegmentBits()+numberOfWrittenBits);

    // Store probabilities of second CTU in line into buffer - used only if wavefront-parallel-processing is enabled.
    if ( ctuXPosInCtus == tileXPosInCtus+1 && m_pcCfg->getWaveFrontsynchro())
    {
      m_entropyCodingSyncContextState.loadContexts(m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]);
    }


    if ( m_pcCfg->getUseRateCtrl() )
    {
#if KWU_RC_MADPRED_E0227
        UInt SAD    = m_pcCuEncoder->getLCUPredictionSAD();
        Int height  = min( pcSlice->getSPS()->getMaxCUHeight(),pcSlice->getSPS()->getPicHeightInLumaSamples() - uiCUAddr / rpcPic->getFrameWidthInCU() * pcSlice->getSPS()->getMaxCUHeight() );
        Int width   = min( pcSlice->getSPS()->getMaxCUWidth(),pcSlice->getSPS()->getPicWidthInLumaSamples() - uiCUAddr % rpcPic->getFrameWidthInCU() * pcSlice->getSPS()->getMaxCUWidth() );
        Double MAD = (Double)SAD / (Double)(height * width);
        MAD = MAD * MAD;
        ( m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCU(uiCUAddr) ).m_MAD = MAD;
#endif

      Int actualQP        = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
      Double actualLambda = m_pcRdCost->getLambda();
      Int actualBits      = pCtu->getTotalBits();
      Int numberOfEffectivePixels    = 0;
      for ( Int idx = 0; idx < pcPic->getNumPartitionsInCtu(); idx++ )
      {
        if ( pCtu->getPredictionMode( idx ) != NUMBER_OF_PREDICTION_MODES && ( !pCtu->isSkipped( idx ) ) )
        {
          numberOfEffectivePixels = numberOfEffectivePixels + 16;
          break;
        }
      }

      if ( numberOfEffectivePixels == 0 )
      {
        actualQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
      }
      else
      {
        actualQP = pCtu->getQP( 0 );
      }
      m_pcRdCost->setLambda(oldLambda, pcSlice->getSPS()->getBitDepths());
      m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->updateAfterCTU( m_pcRateCtrl->getRCPic()->getLCUCoded(), actualBits, actualQP, actualLambda,
                                                pCtu->getSlice()->getSliceType() == I_SLICE ? 0 : m_pcCfg->getLCULevelRC() );
    }

    m_uiPicTotalBits += pCtu->getTotalBits();
    m_dPicRdCost     += pCtu->getTotalCost();
    m_uiPicDist      += pCtu->getTotalDistortion();
  }

  // store context state at the end of this slice-segment, in case the next slice is a dependent slice and continues using the CABAC contexts.
  if( pcSlice->getPPS()->getDependentSliceSegmentsEnabledFlag() )
  {
    m_lastSliceSegmentEndContextState.loadContexts( m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST] );//ctx end of dep.slice
  }

  // stop use of temporary bit counter object.
  m_pppcRDSbacCoder[0][CI_CURR_BEST]->setBitstream(NULL);
  m_pcRDGoOnSbacCoder->setBitstream(NULL); // stop use of tempBitCounter.

  // TODO: optimise cabac_init during compress slice to improve multi-slice operation
  //if (pcSlice->getPPS()->getCabacInitPresentFlag() && !pcSlice->getPPS()->getDependentSliceSegmentsEnabledFlag())
  //{
  //  m_encCABACTableIdx = m_pcEntropyCoder->determineCabacInitIdx();
  //}
  //else
  //{
  //  m_encCABACTableIdx = pcSlice->getSliceType();
  //}
}

Void TEncSlice::encodeSlice   ( TComPic* pcPic, TComOutputBitstream* pcSubstreams, UInt &numBinsCoded )
{
  TComSlice *const pcSlice           = pcPic->getSlice(getSliceIdx());

  const UInt startCtuTsAddr          = pcSlice->getSliceSegmentCurStartCtuTsAddr();
  const UInt boundingCtuTsAddr       = pcSlice->getSliceSegmentCurEndCtuTsAddr();

  const UInt frameWidthInCtus        = pcPic->getPicSym()->getFrameWidthInCtus();
  const Bool depSliceSegmentsEnabled = pcSlice->getPPS()->getDependentSliceSegmentsEnabledFlag();
  const Bool wavefrontsEnabled       = pcSlice->getPPS()->getEntropyCodingSyncEnabledFlag();

  // initialise entropy coder for the slice
  m_pcSbacCoder->init( (TEncBinIf*)m_pcBinCABAC );
  m_pcEntropyCoder->setEntropyCoder ( m_pcSbacCoder );
  m_pcEntropyCoder->resetEntropy    ( pcSlice );

  numBinsCoded = 0;
  m_pcBinCABAC->setBinCountingEnableFlag( true );
  m_pcBinCABAC->setBinsCoded(0);

#if ENC_DEC_TRACE
  g_bJustDoIt = g_bEncDecTraceEnable;
#endif
  DTRACE_CABAC_VL( g_nSymbolCounter++ );
  DTRACE_CABAC_T( "\tPOC: " );
  DTRACE_CABAC_V( pcPic->getPOC() );
#if H_MV_ENC_DEC_TRAC
  DTRACE_CABAC_T( " Layer: " );
  DTRACE_CABAC_V( pcPic->getLayerId() );
#endif
  DTRACE_CABAC_T( "\n" );
#if ENC_DEC_TRACE
  g_bJustDoIt = g_bEncDecTraceDisable;
#endif


  if (depSliceSegmentsEnabled)
  {
    // modify initial contexts with previous slice segment if this is a dependent slice.
    const UInt ctuRsAddr        = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap( startCtuTsAddr );
    const UInt currentTileIdx=pcPic->getPicSym()->getTileIdxMap(ctuRsAddr);
    const TComTile *pCurrentTile=pcPic->getPicSym()->getTComTile(currentTileIdx);
    const UInt firstCtuRsAddrOfTile = pCurrentTile->getFirstCtuRsAddr();

    if( pcSlice->getDependentSliceSegmentFlag() && ctuRsAddr != firstCtuRsAddrOfTile )
    {
      if( pCurrentTile->getTileWidthInCtus() >= 2 || !wavefrontsEnabled )
      {
        m_pcSbacCoder->loadContexts(&m_lastSliceSegmentEndContextState);
      }
    }
  }

  // for every CTU in the slice segment...

  for( UInt ctuTsAddr = startCtuTsAddr; ctuTsAddr < boundingCtuTsAddr; ++ctuTsAddr )
  {
    const UInt ctuRsAddr = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap(ctuTsAddr);
    const TComTile &currentTile = *(pcPic->getPicSym()->getTComTile(pcPic->getPicSym()->getTileIdxMap(ctuRsAddr)));
    const UInt firstCtuRsAddrOfTile = currentTile.getFirstCtuRsAddr();
    const UInt tileXPosInCtus       = firstCtuRsAddrOfTile % frameWidthInCtus;
    const UInt tileYPosInCtus       = firstCtuRsAddrOfTile / frameWidthInCtus;
    const UInt ctuXPosInCtus        = ctuRsAddr % frameWidthInCtus;
    const UInt ctuYPosInCtus        = ctuRsAddr / frameWidthInCtus;
    const UInt uiSubStrm=pcPic->getSubstreamForCtuAddr(ctuRsAddr, true, pcSlice);
    TComDataCU* pCtu = pcPic->getCtu( ctuRsAddr );

    m_pcEntropyCoder->setBitstream( &pcSubstreams[uiSubStrm] );

    // set up CABAC contexts' state for this CTU
    if (ctuRsAddr == firstCtuRsAddrOfTile)
    {
      if (ctuTsAddr != startCtuTsAddr) // if it is the first CTU, then the entropy coder has already been reset
      {
        m_pcEntropyCoder->resetEntropy(pcSlice);
      }
    }
    else if (ctuXPosInCtus == tileXPosInCtus && wavefrontsEnabled)
    {
      // Synchronize cabac probabilities with upper-right CTU if it's available and at the start of a line.
      if (ctuTsAddr != startCtuTsAddr) // if it is the first CTU, then the entropy coder has already been reset
      {
        m_pcEntropyCoder->resetEntropy(pcSlice);
      }
      TComDataCU *pCtuUp = pCtu->getCtuAbove();
      if ( pCtuUp && ((ctuRsAddr%frameWidthInCtus+1) < frameWidthInCtus)  )
      {
        TComDataCU *pCtuTR = pcPic->getCtu( ctuRsAddr - frameWidthInCtus + 1 );
        if ( pCtu->CUIsFromSameSliceAndTile(pCtuTR) )
        {
          // Top-right is available, so use it.
          m_pcSbacCoder->loadContexts( &m_entropyCodingSyncContextState );
        }
      }
    }

#if H_3D_QTLPC
    rpcPic->setReduceBitsFlag(true);
#endif
    if ( pcSlice->getSPS()->getUseSAO() )
    {
      Bool bIsSAOSliceEnabled = false;
      Bool sliceEnabled[MAX_NUM_COMPONENT];
      for(Int comp=0; comp < MAX_NUM_COMPONENT; comp++)
      {
        ComponentID compId=ComponentID(comp);
        sliceEnabled[compId] = pcSlice->getSaoEnabledFlag(toChannelType(compId)) && (comp < pcPic->getNumberValidComponents());
        if (sliceEnabled[compId])
        {
          bIsSAOSliceEnabled=true;
        }
      }
      if (bIsSAOSliceEnabled)
      {
        SAOBlkParam& saoblkParam = (pcPic->getPicSym()->getSAOBlkParam())[ctuRsAddr];

        Bool leftMergeAvail = false;
        Bool aboveMergeAvail= false;
        //merge left condition
        Int rx = (ctuRsAddr % frameWidthInCtus);
        if(rx > 0)
        {
          leftMergeAvail = pcPic->getSAOMergeAvailability(ctuRsAddr, ctuRsAddr-1);
        }

        //merge up condition
        Int ry = (ctuRsAddr / frameWidthInCtus);
        if(ry > 0)
        {
          aboveMergeAvail = pcPic->getSAOMergeAvailability(ctuRsAddr, ctuRsAddr-frameWidthInCtus);
        }

        m_pcEntropyCoder->encodeSAOBlkParam(saoblkParam, pcPic->getPicSym()->getSPS().getBitDepths(), sliceEnabled, leftMergeAvail, aboveMergeAvail);
      }
    }

#if ENC_DEC_TRACE
    g_bJustDoIt = g_bEncDecTraceEnable;
#endif
      m_pcCuEncoder->encodeCtu( pCtu );
#if ENC_DEC_TRACE
    g_bJustDoIt = g_bEncDecTraceDisable;
#endif

    //Store probabilities of second CTU in line into buffer
    if ( ctuXPosInCtus == tileXPosInCtus+1 && wavefrontsEnabled)
    {
      m_entropyCodingSyncContextState.loadContexts( m_pcSbacCoder );
    }

    // terminate the sub-stream, if required (end of slice-segment, end of tile, end of wavefront-CTU-row):
    if (ctuTsAddr+1 == boundingCtuTsAddr ||
         (  ctuXPosInCtus + 1 == tileXPosInCtus + currentTile.getTileWidthInCtus() &&
          ( ctuYPosInCtus + 1 == tileYPosInCtus + currentTile.getTileHeightInCtus() || wavefrontsEnabled)
         )
       )
    {
      m_pcEntropyCoder->encodeTerminatingBit(1);
      m_pcEntropyCoder->encodeSliceFinish();
      // Byte-alignment in slice_data() when new tile
      pcSubstreams[uiSubStrm].writeByteAlignment();

      // write sub-stream size
      if (ctuTsAddr+1 != boundingCtuTsAddr)
      {
        pcSlice->addSubstreamSize( (pcSubstreams[uiSubStrm].getNumberOfWrittenBits() >> 3) + pcSubstreams[uiSubStrm].countStartCodeEmulations() );
      }
    }
#if H_3D_QTLPC
    rpcPic->setReduceBitsFlag(false);
#endif
  } // CTU-loop

  if( depSliceSegmentsEnabled )
  {
    m_lastSliceSegmentEndContextState.loadContexts( m_pcSbacCoder );//ctx end of dep.slice
  }

#if ADAPTIVE_QP_SELECTION
  if( m_pcCfg->getUseAdaptQpSelect() )
  {
    m_pcTrQuant->storeSliceQpNext(pcSlice); // TODO: this will only be storing the adaptive QP state of the very last slice-segment that is not dependent in the frame... Perhaps this should be moved to the compress slice loop.
  }
#endif

  if (pcSlice->getPPS()->getCabacInitPresentFlag() && !pcSlice->getPPS()->getDependentSliceSegmentsEnabledFlag())
  {
    m_encCABACTableIdx = m_pcEntropyCoder->determineCabacInitIdx(pcSlice);
  }
  else
  {
    m_encCABACTableIdx = pcSlice->getSliceType();
  }
  
  numBinsCoded = m_pcBinCABAC->getBinsCoded();
}

Void TEncSlice::calculateBoundingCtuTsAddrForSlice(UInt &startCtuTSAddrSlice, UInt &boundingCtuTSAddrSlice, Bool &haveReachedTileBoundary,
                                                   TComPic* pcPic, const Int sliceMode, const Int sliceArgument)
{
  TComSlice* pcSlice = pcPic->getSlice(getSliceIdx());
  const UInt numberOfCtusInFrame = pcPic->getNumberOfCtusInFrame();
  const TComPPS &pps=*(pcSlice->getPPS());
  boundingCtuTSAddrSlice=0;
  haveReachedTileBoundary=false;

  switch (sliceMode)
  {
    case FIXED_NUMBER_OF_CTU:
      {
        UInt ctuAddrIncrement    = sliceArgument;
        boundingCtuTSAddrSlice  = ((startCtuTSAddrSlice + ctuAddrIncrement) < numberOfCtusInFrame) ? (startCtuTSAddrSlice + ctuAddrIncrement) : numberOfCtusInFrame;
      }
      break;
    case FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES:
      boundingCtuTSAddrSlice  = numberOfCtusInFrame; // This will be adjusted later if required.
      break;
    case FIXED_NUMBER_OF_TILES:
      {
        const UInt tileIdx        = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTileIdxMap( pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap(startCtuTSAddrSlice) );
        const UInt tileTotalCount = (pcPic->getPicSym()->getNumTileColumnsMinus1()+1) * (pcPic->getPicSym()->getNumTileRowsMinus1()+1);
        UInt ctuAddrIncrement   = 0;

        for(UInt tileIdxIncrement = 0; tileIdxIncrement < sliceArgument; tileIdxIncrement++)
        {
          if((tileIdx + tileIdxIncrement) < tileTotalCount)
          {
            UInt tileWidthInCtus   = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTComTile(tileIdx + tileIdxIncrement)->getTileWidthInCtus();
            UInt tileHeightInCtus  = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTComTile(tileIdx + tileIdxIncrement)->getTileHeightInCtus();
            ctuAddrIncrement    += (tileWidthInCtus * tileHeightInCtus);
          }
        }

        boundingCtuTSAddrSlice  = ((startCtuTSAddrSlice + ctuAddrIncrement) < numberOfCtusInFrame) ? (startCtuTSAddrSlice + ctuAddrIncrement) : numberOfCtusInFrame;
      }
      break;
    default:
      boundingCtuTSAddrSlice    = numberOfCtusInFrame;
      break;
  }

  // Adjust for tiles and wavefronts.
  const Bool wavefrontsAreEnabled = pps.getEntropyCodingSyncEnabledFlag();

  if ((sliceMode == FIXED_NUMBER_OF_CTU || sliceMode == FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES) &&
      (pps.getNumTileRowsMinus1() > 0 || pps.getNumTileColumnsMinus1() > 0))
  {
    const UInt ctuRSAddr                  = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuTsToRsAddrMap(startCtuTSAddrSlice);
    const UInt startTileIdx               = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTileIdxMap(ctuRSAddr);

    const TComTile *pStartingTile         = pcPic->getPicSym()->getTComTile(startTileIdx);
    const UInt tileStartTsAddr            = pcPic->getPicSym()->getCtuRsToTsAddrMap(pStartingTile->getFirstCtuRsAddr());
    const UInt tileStartWidth             = pStartingTile->getTileWidthInCtus();
    const UInt tileStartHeight            = pStartingTile->getTileHeightInCtus();
    const UInt tileLastTsAddr_excl        = tileStartTsAddr + tileStartWidth*tileStartHeight;
    const UInt tileBoundingCtuTsAddrSlice = tileLastTsAddr_excl;

    const UInt ctuColumnOfStartingTile    = ((startCtuTSAddrSlice-tileStartTsAddr)%tileStartWidth);
    if (wavefrontsAreEnabled && ctuColumnOfStartingTile!=0)
    {
      // WPP: if a slice does not start at the beginning of a CTB row, it must end within the same CTB row
      const UInt numberOfCTUsToEndOfRow            = tileStartWidth - ctuColumnOfStartingTile;
      const UInt wavefrontTileBoundingCtuAddrSlice = startCtuTSAddrSlice + numberOfCTUsToEndOfRow;
      if (wavefrontTileBoundingCtuAddrSlice < boundingCtuTSAddrSlice)
      {
        boundingCtuTSAddrSlice = wavefrontTileBoundingCtuAddrSlice;
      }
    }

    if (tileBoundingCtuTsAddrSlice < boundingCtuTSAddrSlice)
    {
      boundingCtuTSAddrSlice = tileBoundingCtuTsAddrSlice;
      haveReachedTileBoundary = true;
    }
  }
  else if ((sliceMode == FIXED_NUMBER_OF_CTU || sliceMode == FIXED_NUMBER_OF_BYTES) && wavefrontsAreEnabled && ((startCtuTSAddrSlice % pcPic->getFrameWidthInCtus()) != 0))
  {
    // Adjust for wavefronts (no tiles).
    // WPP: if a slice does not start at the beginning of a CTB row, it must end within the same CTB row
    boundingCtuTSAddrSlice = min(boundingCtuTSAddrSlice, startCtuTSAddrSlice - (startCtuTSAddrSlice % pcPic->getFrameWidthInCtus()) + (pcPic->getFrameWidthInCtus()));
  }
}

/** Determines the starting and bounding CTU address of current slice / dependent slice
 * \param [out] startCtuTsAddr
 * \param [out] boundingCtuTsAddr
 * \param [in]  pcPic

 * Updates startCtuTsAddr, boundingCtuTsAddr with appropriate CTU address
 */
Void TEncSlice::xDetermineStartAndBoundingCtuTsAddr  ( UInt& startCtuTsAddr, UInt& boundingCtuTsAddr, TComPic* pcPic )
{
  TComSlice* pcSlice                 = pcPic->getSlice(getSliceIdx());

  // Non-dependent slice
  UInt startCtuTsAddrSlice           = pcSlice->getSliceCurStartCtuTsAddr();
  Bool haveReachedTileBoundarySlice  = false;
  UInt boundingCtuTsAddrSlice;
  calculateBoundingCtuTsAddrForSlice(startCtuTsAddrSlice, boundingCtuTsAddrSlice, haveReachedTileBoundarySlice, pcPic,
                                     m_pcCfg->getSliceMode(), m_pcCfg->getSliceArgument());
  pcSlice->setSliceCurEndCtuTsAddr(   boundingCtuTsAddrSlice );
  pcSlice->setSliceCurStartCtuTsAddr( startCtuTsAddrSlice    );

  // Dependent slice
  UInt startCtuTsAddrSliceSegment          = pcSlice->getSliceSegmentCurStartCtuTsAddr();
  Bool haveReachedTileBoundarySliceSegment = false;
  UInt boundingCtuTsAddrSliceSegment;
  calculateBoundingCtuTsAddrForSlice(startCtuTsAddrSliceSegment, boundingCtuTsAddrSliceSegment, haveReachedTileBoundarySliceSegment, pcPic,
                                     m_pcCfg->getSliceSegmentMode(), m_pcCfg->getSliceSegmentArgument());
  if (boundingCtuTsAddrSliceSegment>boundingCtuTsAddrSlice)
  {
    boundingCtuTsAddrSliceSegment = boundingCtuTsAddrSlice;
  }
  pcSlice->setSliceSegmentCurEndCtuTsAddr( boundingCtuTsAddrSliceSegment );
  pcSlice->setSliceSegmentCurStartCtuTsAddr(startCtuTsAddrSliceSegment);

  // Make a joint decision based on reconstruction and dependent slice bounds
  startCtuTsAddr    = max(startCtuTsAddrSlice   , startCtuTsAddrSliceSegment   );
  boundingCtuTsAddr = boundingCtuTsAddrSliceSegment;
}

Double TEncSlice::xGetQPValueAccordingToLambda ( Double lambda )
{
  return 4.2005*log(lambda) + 13.7122;
}

//! \}