source: SHVCSoftware/trunk/source/Lib/TLibEncoder/TEncRateCtrl.cpp @ 1115

/* The copyright in this software is being made available under the BSD
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 * granted under this license.  
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 * Copyright (c) 2010-2014, ITU/ISO/IEC
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 *    be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
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/** \file     TEncRateCtrl.cpp
    \brief    Rate control manager class
*/
#include "TEncRateCtrl.h"
#include "../TLibCommon/TComPic.h"

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

//sequence level
TEncRCSeq::TEncRCSeq()
{
  m_totalFrames         = 0;
  m_targetRate          = 0;
  m_frameRate           = 0;
  m_targetBits          = 0;
  m_GOPSize             = 0;
  m_picWidth            = 0;
  m_picHeight           = 0;
  m_LCUWidth            = 0;
  m_LCUHeight           = 0;
  m_numberOfLevel       = 0;
  m_numberOfLCU         = 0;
  m_averageBits         = 0;
  m_bitsRatio           = NULL;
  m_GOPID2Level         = NULL;
  m_picPara             = NULL;
  m_LCUPara             = NULL;
  m_numberOfPixel       = 0;
  m_framesLeft          = 0;
  m_bitsLeft            = 0;
  m_useLCUSeparateModel = false;
  m_adaptiveBit         = 0;
  m_lastLambda          = 0.0;
}

TEncRCSeq::~TEncRCSeq()
{
  destroy();
}

Void TEncRCSeq::create( Int totalFrames, Int targetBitrate, Int frameRate, Int GOPSize, Int picWidth, Int picHeight, Int LCUWidth, Int LCUHeight, Int numberOfLevel, Bool useLCUSeparateModel, Int adaptiveBit )
{
  destroy();
  m_totalFrames         = totalFrames;
  m_targetRate          = targetBitrate;
  m_frameRate           = frameRate;
  m_GOPSize             = GOPSize;
  m_picWidth            = picWidth;
  m_picHeight           = picHeight;
  m_LCUWidth            = LCUWidth;
  m_LCUHeight           = LCUHeight;
  m_numberOfLevel       = numberOfLevel;
  m_useLCUSeparateModel = useLCUSeparateModel;

  m_numberOfPixel   = m_picWidth * m_picHeight;
  m_targetBits      = (Int64)m_totalFrames * (Int64)m_targetRate / (Int64)m_frameRate;
  m_seqTargetBpp = (Double)m_targetRate / (Double)m_frameRate / (Double)m_numberOfPixel;
  if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.03 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.01;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.005;
  }
  else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.08 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.05;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.025;
  }
  else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.2 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.1;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.05;
  }
  else if ( m_seqTargetBpp < 0.5 )
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.2;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.1;
  }
  else
  {
    m_alphaUpdate = 0.4;
    m_betaUpdate  = 0.2;
  }
  m_averageBits     = (Int)(m_targetBits / totalFrames);
  Int picWidthInBU  = ( m_picWidth  % m_LCUWidth  ) == 0 ? m_picWidth  / m_LCUWidth  : m_picWidth  / m_LCUWidth  + 1;
  Int picHeightInBU = ( m_picHeight % m_LCUHeight ) == 0 ? m_picHeight / m_LCUHeight : m_picHeight / m_LCUHeight + 1;
  m_numberOfLCU     = picWidthInBU * picHeightInBU;

  m_bitsRatio   = new Int[m_GOPSize];
  for ( Int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    m_bitsRatio[i] = 1;
  }

  m_GOPID2Level = new Int[m_GOPSize];
  for ( Int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    m_GOPID2Level[i] = 1;
  }

  m_picPara = new TRCParameter[m_numberOfLevel];
  for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
  {
    m_picPara[i].m_alpha = 0.0;
    m_picPara[i].m_beta  = 0.0;
  }

  if ( m_useLCUSeparateModel )
  {
    m_LCUPara = new TRCParameter*[m_numberOfLevel];
    for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      m_LCUPara[i] = new TRCParameter[m_numberOfLCU];
      for ( Int j=0; j<m_numberOfLCU; j++)
      {
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_alpha = 0.0;
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_beta  = 0.0;
      }
    }
  }

  m_framesLeft = m_totalFrames;
  m_bitsLeft   = m_targetBits;
  m_adaptiveBit = adaptiveBit;
  m_lastLambda = 0.0;
}

Void TEncRCSeq::destroy()
{
  if (m_bitsRatio != NULL)
  {
    delete[] m_bitsRatio;
    m_bitsRatio = NULL;
  }

  if ( m_GOPID2Level != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_GOPID2Level;
    m_GOPID2Level = NULL;
  }

  if ( m_picPara != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_picPara;
    m_picPara = NULL;
  }

  if ( m_LCUPara != NULL )
  {
    for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      delete[] m_LCUPara[i];
    }
    delete[] m_LCUPara;
    m_LCUPara = NULL;
  }
}

Void TEncRCSeq::initBitsRatio( Int bitsRatio[])
{
  for (Int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++)
  {
    m_bitsRatio[i] = bitsRatio[i];
  }
}

Void TEncRCSeq::initGOPID2Level( Int GOPID2Level[] )
{
  for ( Int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    m_GOPID2Level[i] = GOPID2Level[i];
  }
}

Void TEncRCSeq::initPicPara( TRCParameter* picPara )
{
  assert( m_picPara != NULL );

  if ( picPara == NULL )
  {
    for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      if (i>0)
      {
      m_picPara[i].m_alpha = 3.2003;
      m_picPara[i].m_beta  = -1.367;
    }
      else
      {
        m_picPara[i].m_alpha = ALPHA;   
        m_picPara[i].m_beta  = BETA2;
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      m_picPara[i] = picPara[i];
    }
  }
}

Void TEncRCSeq::initLCUPara( TRCParameter** LCUPara )
{
  if ( m_LCUPara == NULL )
  {
    return;
  }
  if ( LCUPara == NULL )
  {
    for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      for ( Int j=0; j<m_numberOfLCU; j++)
      {
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_alpha = m_picPara[i].m_alpha;
        m_LCUPara[i][j].m_beta  = m_picPara[i].m_beta;
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLevel; i++ )
    {
      for ( Int j=0; j<m_numberOfLCU; j++)
      {
        m_LCUPara[i][j] = LCUPara[i][j];
      }
    }
  }
}

Void TEncRCSeq::updateAfterPic ( Int bits )
{
  m_bitsLeft -= bits;
  m_framesLeft--;
}

Void TEncRCSeq::setAllBitRatio( Double basicLambda, Double* equaCoeffA, Double* equaCoeffB )
{
  Int* bitsRatio = new Int[m_GOPSize];
  for ( Int i=0; i<m_GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    bitsRatio[i] = (Int)( equaCoeffA[i] * pow( basicLambda, equaCoeffB[i] ) * m_numberOfPixel );
  }
  initBitsRatio( bitsRatio );
  delete[] bitsRatio;
}

//GOP level
TEncRCGOP::TEncRCGOP()
{
  m_encRCSeq  = NULL;
  m_picTargetBitInGOP = NULL;
  m_numPic     = 0;
  m_targetBits = 0;
  m_picLeft    = 0;
  m_bitsLeft   = 0;
}

TEncRCGOP::~TEncRCGOP()
{
  destroy();
}

Void TEncRCGOP::create( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, Int numPic )
{
  destroy();
  Int targetBits = xEstGOPTargetBits( encRCSeq, numPic );

  if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() > 0 && encRCSeq->getLastLambda() > 0.1 )
  {
    Double targetBpp = (Double)targetBits / encRCSeq->getNumPixel();
    Double basicLambda = 0.0;
    Double* lambdaRatio = new Double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];
    Double* equaCoeffA = new Double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];
    Double* equaCoeffB = new Double[encRCSeq->getGOPSize()];

    if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 1 )   // for GOP size =4, low delay case
    {
      if ( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() < 120.0 )
      {
        lambdaRatio[1] = 0.725 * log( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() ) + 0.5793;
        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[2] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[3] = 1.0;
      }
      else
      {
        lambdaRatio[0] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = 4.0;
        lambdaRatio[2] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[3] = 1.0;
      }
    }
    else if ( encRCSeq->getAdaptiveBits() == 2 )  // for GOP size = 8, random access case
    {
      if ( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() < 90.0 )
      {
        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = 0.725 * log( encRCSeq->getLastLambda() ) + 0.7963;
        lambdaRatio[2] = 1.3 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[3] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[4] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[5] = 1.3  * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[6] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
        lambdaRatio[7] = 3.25 * lambdaRatio[1];
      }
      else
      {
        lambdaRatio[0] = 1.0;
        lambdaRatio[1] = 4.0;
        lambdaRatio[2] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[3] = 12.3;
        lambdaRatio[4] = 12.3;
        lambdaRatio[5] = 5.0;
        lambdaRatio[6] = 12.3;
        lambdaRatio[7] = 12.3;
      }
    }

    xCalEquaCoeff( encRCSeq, lambdaRatio, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB, encRCSeq->getGOPSize() );
    basicLambda = xSolveEqua( targetBpp, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB, encRCSeq->getGOPSize() );
    encRCSeq->setAllBitRatio( basicLambda, equaCoeffA, equaCoeffB );

    delete []lambdaRatio;
    delete []equaCoeffA;
    delete []equaCoeffB;
  }

  m_picTargetBitInGOP = new Int[numPic];
  Int i;
  Int totalPicRatio = 0;
  Int currPicRatio = 0;
  for ( i=0; i<numPic; i++ )
  {
    totalPicRatio += encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
  }
  for ( i=0; i<numPic; i++ )
  {
    currPicRatio = encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
    m_picTargetBitInGOP[i] = (Int)( ((Double)targetBits) * currPicRatio / totalPicRatio );
  }

  m_encRCSeq    = encRCSeq;
  m_numPic       = numPic;
  m_targetBits   = targetBits;
  m_picLeft      = m_numPic;
  m_bitsLeft     = m_targetBits;
}

Void TEncRCGOP::xCalEquaCoeff( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, Double* lambdaRatio, Double* equaCoeffA, Double* equaCoeffB, Int GOPSize )
{
  for ( Int i=0; i<GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    Int frameLevel = encRCSeq->getGOPID2Level(i);
    Double alpha   = encRCSeq->getPicPara(frameLevel).m_alpha;
    Double beta    = encRCSeq->getPicPara(frameLevel).m_beta;
    equaCoeffA[i] = pow( 1.0/alpha, 1.0/beta ) * pow( lambdaRatio[i], 1.0/beta );
    equaCoeffB[i] = 1.0/beta;
  }
}

Double TEncRCGOP::xSolveEqua( Double targetBpp, Double* equaCoeffA, Double* equaCoeffB, Int GOPSize )
{
  Double solution = 100.0;
  Double minNumber = 0.1;
  Double maxNumber = 10000.0;
  for ( Int i=0; i<g_RCIterationNum; i++ )
  { 
    Double fx = 0.0;
    for ( Int j=0; j<GOPSize; j++ )
    {
      fx += equaCoeffA[j] * pow( solution, equaCoeffB[j] );
    }

    if ( fabs( fx - targetBpp ) < 0.000001 )
    {
      break;
    }

    if ( fx > targetBpp )
    {
      minNumber = solution;
      solution = ( solution + maxNumber ) / 2.0;
    }
    else
    {
      maxNumber = solution;
      solution = ( solution + minNumber ) / 2.0;
    }
  }

  solution = Clip3( 0.1, 10000.0, solution );
  return solution;
}

Void TEncRCGOP::destroy()
{
  m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  if ( m_picTargetBitInGOP != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_picTargetBitInGOP;
    m_picTargetBitInGOP = NULL;
  }
}

Void TEncRCGOP::updateAfterPicture( Int bitsCost )
{
  m_bitsLeft -= bitsCost;
  m_picLeft--;
}

Int TEncRCGOP::xEstGOPTargetBits( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, Int GOPSize )
{
  Int realInfluencePicture = min( g_RCSmoothWindowSize, encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() );
  Int averageTargetBitsPerPic = (Int)( encRCSeq->getTargetBits() / encRCSeq->getTotalFrames() );
  Int currentTargetBitsPerPic = (Int)( ( encRCSeq->getBitsLeft() - averageTargetBitsPerPic * (encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() - realInfluencePicture) ) / realInfluencePicture );
  Int targetBits = currentTargetBitsPerPic * GOPSize;

  if ( targetBits < 200 )
  {
    targetBits = 200;   // at least allocate 200 bits for one GOP
  }

  return targetBits;
}

//picture level
TEncRCPic::TEncRCPic()
{
  m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  m_encRCGOP = NULL;

  m_frameLevel    = 0;
  m_numberOfPixel = 0;
  m_numberOfLCU   = 0;
  m_targetBits    = 0;
  m_estHeaderBits = 0;
  m_estPicQP      = 0;
  m_estPicLambda  = 0.0;

  m_LCULeft       = 0;
  m_bitsLeft      = 0;
  m_pixelsLeft    = 0;

  m_LCUs         = NULL;
  m_picActualHeaderBits = 0;
  m_picActualBits       = 0;
  m_picQP               = 0;
  m_picLambda           = 0.0;
}

TEncRCPic::~TEncRCPic()
{
  destroy();
}

Int TEncRCPic::xEstPicTargetBits( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, TEncRCGOP* encRCGOP )
{
  Int targetBits        = 0;
  Int GOPbitsLeft       = encRCGOP->getBitsLeft();

  Int i;
  Int currPicPosition = encRCGOP->getNumPic()-encRCGOP->getPicLeft();
  Int currPicRatio    = encRCSeq->getBitRatio( currPicPosition );
  Int totalPicRatio   = 0;
  for ( i=currPicPosition; i<encRCGOP->getNumPic(); i++ )
  {
    totalPicRatio += encRCSeq->getBitRatio( i );
  }

  targetBits  = Int( ((Double)GOPbitsLeft) * currPicRatio / totalPicRatio );

  if ( targetBits < 100 )
  {
    targetBits = 100;   // at least allocate 100 bits for one picture
  }

  if ( m_encRCSeq->getFramesLeft() > 16 )
  {
    targetBits = Int( g_RCWeightPicRargetBitInBuffer * targetBits + g_RCWeightPicTargetBitInGOP * m_encRCGOP->getTargetBitInGOP( currPicPosition ) );
  }

  return targetBits;
}

Int TEncRCPic::xEstPicHeaderBits( list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures, Int frameLevel )
{
  Int numPreviousPics   = 0;
  Int totalPreviousBits = 0;

  list<TEncRCPic*>::iterator it;
  for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
  {
    if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == frameLevel )
    {
      totalPreviousBits += (*it)->getPicActualHeaderBits();
      numPreviousPics++;
    }
  }

  Int estHeaderBits = 0;
  if ( numPreviousPics > 0 )
  {
    estHeaderBits = totalPreviousBits / numPreviousPics;
  }

  return estHeaderBits;
}

Void TEncRCPic::addToPictureLsit( list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures )
{
  if ( listPreviousPictures.size() > g_RCMaxPicListSize )
  {
    TEncRCPic* p = listPreviousPictures.front();
    listPreviousPictures.pop_front();
    p->destroy();
    delete p;
  }

  listPreviousPictures.push_back( this );
}

Void TEncRCPic::create( TEncRCSeq* encRCSeq, TEncRCGOP* encRCGOP, Int frameLevel, list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures )
{
  destroy();
  m_encRCSeq = encRCSeq;
  m_encRCGOP = encRCGOP;

  Int targetBits    = xEstPicTargetBits( encRCSeq, encRCGOP );
  Int estHeaderBits = xEstPicHeaderBits( listPreviousPictures, frameLevel );

  if ( targetBits < estHeaderBits + 100 )
  {
    targetBits = estHeaderBits + 100;   // at least allocate 100 bits for picture data
  }

  m_frameLevel       = frameLevel;
  m_numberOfPixel    = encRCSeq->getNumPixel();
  m_numberOfLCU      = encRCSeq->getNumberOfLCU();
  m_estPicLambda     = 100.0;
  m_targetBits       = targetBits;
  m_estHeaderBits    = estHeaderBits;
  m_bitsLeft         = m_targetBits;
  Int picWidth       = encRCSeq->getPicWidth();
  Int picHeight      = encRCSeq->getPicHeight();
  Int LCUWidth       = encRCSeq->getLCUWidth();
  Int LCUHeight      = encRCSeq->getLCUHeight();
  Int picWidthInLCU  = ( picWidth  % LCUWidth  ) == 0 ? picWidth  / LCUWidth  : picWidth  / LCUWidth  + 1;
  Int picHeightInLCU = ( picHeight % LCUHeight ) == 0 ? picHeight / LCUHeight : picHeight / LCUHeight + 1;

  m_LCULeft         = m_numberOfLCU;
  m_bitsLeft       -= m_estHeaderBits;
  m_pixelsLeft      = m_numberOfPixel;

  m_LCUs           = new TRCLCU[m_numberOfLCU];
  Int i, j;
  Int LCUIdx;
  for ( i=0; i<picWidthInLCU; i++ )
  {
    for ( j=0; j<picHeightInLCU; j++ )
    {
      LCUIdx = j*picWidthInLCU + i;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualBits = 0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_QP         = 0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_lambda     = 0.0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_targetBits = 0;
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_bitWeight  = 1.0;
      Int currWidth  = ( (i == picWidthInLCU -1) ? picWidth  - LCUWidth *(picWidthInLCU -1) : LCUWidth  );
      Int currHeight = ( (j == picHeightInLCU-1) ? picHeight - LCUHeight*(picHeightInLCU-1) : LCUHeight );
      m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_numberOfPixel = currWidth * currHeight;
    }
  }
  m_picActualHeaderBits = 0;
  m_picActualBits       = 0;
  m_picQP               = 0;
  m_picLambda           = 0.0;
}

Void TEncRCPic::destroy()
{
  if( m_LCUs != NULL )
  {
    delete[] m_LCUs;
    m_LCUs = NULL;
  }
  m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  m_encRCGOP = NULL;
}


Double TEncRCPic::estimatePicLambda( list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures, SliceType eSliceType)
{
  Double alpha         = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
  Double beta          = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
  Double bpp       = (Double)m_targetBits/(Double)m_numberOfPixel;
  Double estLambda;
  if (eSliceType == I_SLICE)
  {
    estLambda = calculateLambdaIntra(alpha, beta, pow(m_totalCostIntra/(Double)m_numberOfPixel, BETA1), bpp); 
  }
  else
  {
    estLambda = alpha * pow( bpp, beta );
  }
  
  Double lastLevelLambda = -1.0;
  Double lastPicLambda   = -1.0;
  Double lastValidLambda = -1.0;
  list<TEncRCPic*>::iterator it;
  for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
  {
    if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == m_frameLevel )
    {
      lastLevelLambda = (*it)->getPicActualLambda();
    }
    lastPicLambda     = (*it)->getPicActualLambda();

    if ( lastPicLambda > 0.0 )
    {
      lastValidLambda = lastPicLambda;
    }
  }

  if ( lastLevelLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    lastLevelLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 10000.0, lastLevelLambda );
    estLambda = Clip3( lastLevelLambda * pow( 2.0, -3.0/3.0 ), lastLevelLambda * pow( 2.0, 3.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
  }

  if ( lastPicLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    lastPicLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 2000.0, lastPicLambda );
    estLambda = Clip3( lastPicLambda * pow( 2.0, -10.0/3.0 ), lastPicLambda * pow( 2.0, 10.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
  }
  else if ( lastValidLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    lastValidLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 2000.0, lastValidLambda );
    estLambda = Clip3( lastValidLambda * pow(2.0, -10.0/3.0), lastValidLambda * pow(2.0, 10.0/3.0), estLambda );
  }
  else
  {
    estLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 10000.0, estLambda );
  }

  if ( estLambda < 0.1 )
  {
    estLambda = 0.1;
  }

  m_estPicLambda = estLambda;

  Double totalWeight = 0.0;
  // initial BU bit allocation weight
  for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
  {
    Double alphaLCU, betaLCU;
    if ( m_encRCSeq->getUseLCUSeparateModel() )
    {
      alphaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, i ).m_alpha;
      betaLCU  = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, i ).m_beta;
    }
    else
    {
      alphaLCU = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
      betaLCU  = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
    }

    m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight =  m_LCUs[i].m_numberOfPixel * pow( estLambda/alphaLCU, 1.0/betaLCU );

    if ( m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight < 0.01 )
    {
      m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight = 0.01;
    }
    totalWeight += m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight;
  }
  for ( Int i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
  {
    Double BUTargetBits = m_targetBits * m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight / totalWeight;
    m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight = BUTargetBits;
  }

  return estLambda;
}

Int TEncRCPic::estimatePicQP( Double lambda, list<TEncRCPic*>& listPreviousPictures )
{
  Int QP = Int( 4.2005 * log( lambda ) + 13.7122 + 0.5 ); 

  Int lastLevelQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  Int lastPicQP   = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  Int lastValidQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  list<TEncRCPic*>::iterator it;
  for ( it = listPreviousPictures.begin(); it != listPreviousPictures.end(); it++ )
  {
    if ( (*it)->getFrameLevel() == m_frameLevel )
    {
      lastLevelQP = (*it)->getPicActualQP();
    }
    lastPicQP = (*it)->getPicActualQP();
    if ( lastPicQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
    {
      lastValidQP = lastPicQP;
    }
  }

  if ( lastLevelQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    QP = Clip3( lastLevelQP - 3, lastLevelQP + 3, QP );
  }

  if( lastPicQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    QP = Clip3( lastPicQP - 10, lastPicQP + 10, QP );
  }
  else if( lastValidQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    QP = Clip3( lastValidQP - 10, lastValidQP + 10, QP );
  }

  return QP;
}

Double TEncRCPic::getLCUTargetBpp(SliceType eSliceType)  
{
  Int   LCUIdx    = getLCUCoded();
  Double bpp      = -1.0;
  Int avgBits     = 0;

  if (eSliceType == I_SLICE)
  {
    Int noOfLCUsLeft = m_numberOfLCU - LCUIdx + 1;
    Int bitrateWindow = min(4,noOfLCUsLeft);
    Double MAD      = getLCU(LCUIdx).m_costIntra;

    if (m_remainingCostIntra > 0.1 )
    {
      Double weightedBitsLeft = (m_bitsLeft*bitrateWindow+(m_bitsLeft-getLCU(LCUIdx).m_targetBitsLeft)*noOfLCUsLeft)/(Double)bitrateWindow;
      avgBits = Int( MAD*weightedBitsLeft/m_remainingCostIntra );
    }
    else
    {
      avgBits = Int( m_bitsLeft / m_LCULeft );
    }
    m_remainingCostIntra -= MAD;
  }
  else
  {
  Double totalWeight = 0;
  for ( Int i=LCUIdx; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
  {
    totalWeight += m_LCUs[i].m_bitWeight;
  }
  Int realInfluenceLCU = min( g_RCLCUSmoothWindowSize, getLCULeft() );
  avgBits = (Int)( m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_bitWeight - ( totalWeight - m_bitsLeft ) / realInfluenceLCU + 0.5 );
    }

  if ( avgBits < 1 )
  {
    avgBits = 1;
  }

  bpp = ( Double )avgBits/( Double )m_LCUs[ LCUIdx ].m_numberOfPixel;
  m_LCUs[ LCUIdx ].m_targetBits = avgBits;

  return bpp;
}

Double TEncRCPic::getLCUEstLambda( Double bpp )
{
  Int   LCUIdx = getLCUCoded();
  Double alpha;
  Double beta;
  if ( m_encRCSeq->getUseLCUSeparateModel() )
  {
    alpha = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_alpha;
    beta  = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_beta;
  }
  else
  {
    alpha = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
    beta  = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
  }

  Double estLambda = alpha * pow( bpp, beta );
  //for Lambda clip, picture level clip
  Double clipPicLambda = m_estPicLambda;

  //for Lambda clip, LCU level clip
  Double clipNeighbourLambda = -1.0;
  for ( int i=LCUIdx - 1; i>=0; i-- )
  {
    if ( m_LCUs[i].m_lambda > 0 )
    {
      clipNeighbourLambda = m_LCUs[i].m_lambda;
      break;
    }
  }

  if ( clipNeighbourLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    estLambda = Clip3( clipNeighbourLambda * pow( 2.0, -1.0/3.0 ), clipNeighbourLambda * pow( 2.0, 1.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
  }  

  if ( clipPicLambda > 0.0 )
  {
    estLambda = Clip3( clipPicLambda * pow( 2.0, -2.0/3.0 ), clipPicLambda * pow( 2.0, 2.0/3.0 ), estLambda );
  }
  else
  {
    estLambda = Clip3( 10.0, 1000.0, estLambda );
  }

  if ( estLambda < 0.1 )
  {
    estLambda = 0.1;
  }

  return estLambda;
}

Int TEncRCPic::getLCUEstQP( Double lambda, Int clipPicQP )
{
  Int LCUIdx = getLCUCoded();
  Int estQP = Int( 4.2005 * log( lambda ) + 13.7122 + 0.5 );

  //for Lambda clip, LCU level clip
  Int clipNeighbourQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  for ( int i=LCUIdx - 1; i>=0; i-- )
  {
    if ( (getLCU(i)).m_QP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
    {
      clipNeighbourQP = getLCU(i).m_QP;
      break;
    }
  }

  if ( clipNeighbourQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    estQP = Clip3( clipNeighbourQP - 1, clipNeighbourQP + 1, estQP );
  }

  estQP = Clip3( clipPicQP - 2, clipPicQP + 2, estQP );

  return estQP;
}

Void TEncRCPic::updateAfterLCU( Int LCUIdx, Int bits, Int QP, Double lambda, Bool updateLCUParameter )
{
  m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualBits = bits;
  m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_QP         = QP;
  m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_lambda     = lambda;

  m_LCULeft--;
  m_bitsLeft   -= bits;
  m_pixelsLeft -= m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_numberOfPixel;

  if ( !updateLCUParameter )
  {
    return;
  }

  if ( !m_encRCSeq->getUseLCUSeparateModel() )
  {
    return;
  }

  Double alpha = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_alpha;
  Double beta  = m_encRCSeq->getLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx ).m_beta;

  Int LCUActualBits   = m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_actualBits;
  Int LCUTotalPixels  = m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_numberOfPixel;
  Double bpp         = ( Double )LCUActualBits/( Double )LCUTotalPixels;
  Double calLambda   = alpha * pow( bpp, beta );
  Double inputLambda = m_LCUs[LCUIdx].m_lambda;

  if( inputLambda < 0.01 || calLambda < 0.01 || bpp < 0.0001 )
  {
    alpha *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() / 2.0 );
    beta  *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() / 2.0 );

    alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
    beta  = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue,  g_RCBetaMaxValue,  beta  );

    TRCParameter rcPara;
    rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
    rcPara.m_beta  = beta;
    m_encRCSeq->setLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx, rcPara );

    return;
  }

  calLambda = Clip3( inputLambda / 10.0, inputLambda * 10.0, calLambda );
  alpha += m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * alpha;
  double lnbpp = log( bpp );
  lnbpp = Clip3( -5.0, -0.1, lnbpp );
  beta  += m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * lnbpp;

  alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
  beta  = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue,  g_RCBetaMaxValue,  beta  );
  TRCParameter rcPara;
  rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
  rcPara.m_beta  = beta;
  m_encRCSeq->setLCUPara( m_frameLevel, LCUIdx, rcPara );

}

Double TEncRCPic::calAverageQP()
{
  Int totalQPs = 0;
  Int numTotalLCUs = 0;

  Int i;
  for ( i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
  {
    if ( m_LCUs[i].m_QP > 0 )
    {
      totalQPs += m_LCUs[i].m_QP;
      numTotalLCUs++;
    }
  }

  Double avgQP = 0.0;
  if ( numTotalLCUs == 0 )
  {
    avgQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  }
  else
  {
    avgQP = ((Double)totalQPs) / ((Double)numTotalLCUs);
  }
  return avgQP;
}

Double TEncRCPic::calAverageLambda()
{
  Double totalLambdas = 0.0;
  Int numTotalLCUs = 0;

  Int i;
  for ( i=0; i<m_numberOfLCU; i++ )
  {
    if ( m_LCUs[i].m_lambda > 0.01 )
    {
      totalLambdas += log( m_LCUs[i].m_lambda );
      numTotalLCUs++;
    }
  }

  Double avgLambda; 
  if( numTotalLCUs == 0 )
  {
    avgLambda = -1.0;
  }
  else
  {
    avgLambda = pow( 2.7183, totalLambdas / numTotalLCUs );
  }
  return avgLambda;
}

Void TEncRCPic::updateAfterPicture( Int actualHeaderBits, Int actualTotalBits, Double averageQP, Double averageLambda, SliceType eSliceType)
{
  m_picActualHeaderBits = actualHeaderBits;
  m_picActualBits       = actualTotalBits;
  if ( averageQP > 0.0 )
  {
    m_picQP             = Int( averageQP + 0.5 );
  }
  else
  {
    m_picQP             = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  }
  m_picLambda           = averageLambda;

  Double alpha = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
  Double beta  = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;
  if (eSliceType == I_SLICE)
  {
    updateAlphaBetaIntra(&alpha, &beta);
  }
  else
  {
  // update parameters
  Double picActualBits = ( Double )m_picActualBits;
  Double picActualBpp  = picActualBits/(Double)m_numberOfPixel;
  Double calLambda     = alpha * pow( picActualBpp, beta );
  Double inputLambda   = m_picLambda;

  if ( inputLambda < 0.01 || calLambda < 0.01 || picActualBpp < 0.0001 )
  {
    alpha *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() / 2.0 );
    beta  *= ( 1.0 - m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() / 2.0 );

    alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
    beta  = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue,  g_RCBetaMaxValue,  beta  );
    TRCParameter rcPara;
    rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
    rcPara.m_beta  = beta;
    m_encRCSeq->setPicPara( m_frameLevel, rcPara );

    return;
  }

  calLambda = Clip3( inputLambda / 10.0, inputLambda * 10.0, calLambda );
  alpha += m_encRCSeq->getAlphaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * alpha;
  double lnbpp = log( picActualBpp );
  lnbpp = Clip3( -5.0, -0.1, lnbpp );
  beta  += m_encRCSeq->getBetaUpdate() * ( log( inputLambda ) - log( calLambda ) ) * lnbpp;

  alpha = Clip3( g_RCAlphaMinValue, g_RCAlphaMaxValue, alpha );
  beta  = Clip3( g_RCBetaMinValue,  g_RCBetaMaxValue,  beta  );
  }

  TRCParameter rcPara;
  rcPara.m_alpha = alpha;
  rcPara.m_beta  = beta;

  m_encRCSeq->setPicPara( m_frameLevel, rcPara );

  if ( m_frameLevel == 1 )
  {
    Double currLambda = Clip3( 0.1, 10000.0, m_picLambda );
    Double updateLastLambda = g_RCWeightHistoryLambda * m_encRCSeq->getLastLambda() + g_RCWeightCurrentLambda * currLambda;
    m_encRCSeq->setLastLambda( updateLastLambda );
  }
}

Int TEncRCPic::getRefineBitsForIntra( Int orgBits )
{
  Double alpha=0.25, beta=0.5582;
  Int iIntraBits;

  if (orgBits*40 < m_numberOfPixel)
  {
    alpha=0.25;
  }
  else
  {
    alpha=0.30;
  }

  iIntraBits = (Int)(alpha* pow(m_totalCostIntra*4.0/(Double)orgBits, beta)*(Double)orgBits+0.5);
  
  return iIntraBits;
}

Double TEncRCPic::calculateLambdaIntra(double alpha, double beta, double MADPerPixel, double bitsPerPixel)
{
  return ( (alpha/256.0) * pow( MADPerPixel/bitsPerPixel, beta ) );
}

Void TEncRCPic::updateAlphaBetaIntra(double *alpha, double *beta)
{
  Double lnbpp = log(pow(m_totalCostIntra / (Double)m_numberOfPixel, BETA1));
  Double diffLambda = (*beta)*(log((Double)m_picActualBits)-log((Double)m_targetBits));

  diffLambda = Clip3(-0.125, 0.125, 0.25*diffLambda);
  *alpha    =  (*alpha) * exp(diffLambda);
  *beta     =  (*beta) + diffLambda / lnbpp;
}


Void TEncRCPic::getLCUInitTargetBits()  
{
  Int iAvgBits     = 0;

  m_remainingCostIntra = m_totalCostIntra;
  for (Int i=m_numberOfLCU-1; i>=0; i--)
  {
    iAvgBits += Int(m_targetBits * getLCU(i).m_costIntra/m_totalCostIntra);
    getLCU(i).m_targetBitsLeft = iAvgBits;
  }
}


Double TEncRCPic::getLCUEstLambdaAndQP(Double bpp, Int clipPicQP, Int *estQP) 
{
  Int   LCUIdx = getLCUCoded();

  Double   alpha = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_alpha;
  Double   beta  = m_encRCSeq->getPicPara( m_frameLevel ).m_beta;

  Double costPerPixel = getLCU(LCUIdx).m_costIntra/(Double)getLCU(LCUIdx).m_numberOfPixel;
  costPerPixel = pow(costPerPixel, BETA1);
  Double estLambda = calculateLambdaIntra(alpha, beta, costPerPixel, bpp);

  Int clipNeighbourQP = g_RCInvalidQPValue;
  for (int i=LCUIdx-1; i>=0; i--)
  {
    if ((getLCU(i)).m_QP > g_RCInvalidQPValue)
    {
      clipNeighbourQP = getLCU(i).m_QP;
      break;
    }
  }

  Int minQP = clipPicQP - 2;
  Int maxQP = clipPicQP + 2;

  if ( clipNeighbourQP > g_RCInvalidQPValue )
  {
    maxQP = min(clipNeighbourQP + 1, maxQP); 
    minQP = max(clipNeighbourQP - 1, minQP); 
  }

  Double maxLambda=exp(((Double)(maxQP+0.49)-13.7122)/4.2005);
  Double minLambda=exp(((Double)(minQP-0.49)-13.7122)/4.2005);

  estLambda = Clip3(minLambda, maxLambda, estLambda);

  *estQP = Int( 4.2005 * log(estLambda) + 13.7122 + 0.5 );
  *estQP = Clip3(minQP, maxQP, *estQP);

  return estLambda;
}

TEncRateCtrl::TEncRateCtrl()
{
  m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  m_encRCGOP = NULL;
  m_encRCPic = NULL;
}

TEncRateCtrl::~TEncRateCtrl()
{
  destroy();
}

Void TEncRateCtrl::destroy()
{
  if ( m_encRCSeq != NULL )
  {
    delete m_encRCSeq;
    m_encRCSeq = NULL;
  }
  if ( m_encRCGOP != NULL )
  {
    delete m_encRCGOP;
    m_encRCGOP = NULL;
  }
  while ( m_listRCPictures.size() > 0 )
  {
    TEncRCPic* p = m_listRCPictures.front();
    m_listRCPictures.pop_front();
    delete p;
  }
}

Void TEncRateCtrl::init( Int totalFrames, Int targetBitrate, Int frameRate, Int GOPSize, Int picWidth, Int picHeight, Int LCUWidth, Int LCUHeight, Int keepHierBits, Bool useLCUSeparateModel, GOPEntry  GOPList[MAX_GOP] )
{
  destroy();

  Bool isLowdelay = true;
  for ( Int i=0; i<GOPSize-1; i++ )
  {
    if ( GOPList[i].m_POC > GOPList[i+1].m_POC )
    {
      isLowdelay = false;
      break;
    }
  }

  Int numberOfLevel = 1;
  Int adaptiveBit = 0;
  if ( keepHierBits > 0 )
  {
    numberOfLevel = Int( log((Double)GOPSize)/log(2.0) + 0.5 ) + 1;
  }
  if ( !isLowdelay && GOPSize == 8 )
  {
    numberOfLevel = Int( log((Double)GOPSize)/log(2.0) + 0.5 ) + 1;
  }
  numberOfLevel++;    // intra picture
  numberOfLevel++;    // non-reference picture


  Int* bitsRatio;
  bitsRatio = new Int[ GOPSize ];
  for ( Int i=0; i<GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    bitsRatio[i] = 10;
    if ( !GOPList[i].m_refPic )
    {
      bitsRatio[i] = 2;
    }
  }

  if ( keepHierBits > 0 )
  {
    Double bpp = (Double)( targetBitrate / (Double)( frameRate*picWidth*picHeight ) );
    if ( GOPSize == 4 && isLowdelay )
    {
      if ( bpp > 0.2 )
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 2;
        bitsRatio[1] = 3;
        bitsRatio[2] = 2;
        bitsRatio[3] = 6;
      }
      else if( bpp > 0.1 )
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 2;
        bitsRatio[1] = 3;
        bitsRatio[2] = 2;
        bitsRatio[3] = 10;
      }
      else if ( bpp > 0.05 )
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 2;
        bitsRatio[1] = 3;
        bitsRatio[2] = 2;
        bitsRatio[3] = 12;
      }
      else
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 2;
        bitsRatio[1] = 3;
        bitsRatio[2] = 2;
        bitsRatio[3] = 14;
      }
      if ( keepHierBits == 2 )
      {
        adaptiveBit = 1;
      }
    }
    else if ( GOPSize == 8 && !isLowdelay )
    {
      if ( bpp > 0.2 )
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 15;
        bitsRatio[1] = 5;
        bitsRatio[2] = 4;
        bitsRatio[3] = 1;
        bitsRatio[4] = 1;
        bitsRatio[5] = 4;
        bitsRatio[6] = 1;
        bitsRatio[7] = 1;
      }
      else if ( bpp > 0.1 )
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 20;
        bitsRatio[1] = 6;
        bitsRatio[2] = 4;
        bitsRatio[3] = 1;
        bitsRatio[4] = 1;
        bitsRatio[5] = 4;
        bitsRatio[6] = 1;
        bitsRatio[7] = 1;
      }
      else if ( bpp > 0.05 )
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 25;
        bitsRatio[1] = 7;
        bitsRatio[2] = 4;
        bitsRatio[3] = 1;
        bitsRatio[4] = 1;
        bitsRatio[5] = 4;
        bitsRatio[6] = 1;
        bitsRatio[7] = 1;
      }
      else
      {
        bitsRatio[0] = 30;
        bitsRatio[1] = 8;
        bitsRatio[2] = 4;
        bitsRatio[3] = 1;
        bitsRatio[4] = 1;
        bitsRatio[5] = 4;
        bitsRatio[6] = 1;
        bitsRatio[7] = 1;
      }
      if ( keepHierBits == 2 )
      {
        adaptiveBit = 2;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      printf( "\n hierarchical bit allocation is not support for the specified coding structure currently.\n" );
    }
  }

  Int* GOPID2Level = new int[ GOPSize ];
  for ( int i=0; i<GOPSize; i++ )
  {
    GOPID2Level[i] = 1;
    if ( !GOPList[i].m_refPic )
    {
      GOPID2Level[i] = 2;
    }
  }
  if ( keepHierBits > 0 )
  {
    if ( GOPSize == 4 && isLowdelay )
    {
      GOPID2Level[0] = 3;
      GOPID2Level[1] = 2;
      GOPID2Level[2] = 3;
      GOPID2Level[3] = 1;
    }
    else if ( GOPSize == 8 && !isLowdelay )
    {
      GOPID2Level[0] = 1;
      GOPID2Level[1] = 2;
      GOPID2Level[2] = 3;
      GOPID2Level[3] = 4;
      GOPID2Level[4] = 4;
      GOPID2Level[5] = 3;
      GOPID2Level[6] = 4;
      GOPID2Level[7] = 4;
    }
  }

  if ( !isLowdelay && GOPSize == 8 )
  {
    GOPID2Level[0] = 1;
    GOPID2Level[1] = 2;
    GOPID2Level[2] = 3;
    GOPID2Level[3] = 4;
    GOPID2Level[4] = 4;
    GOPID2Level[5] = 3;
    GOPID2Level[6] = 4;
    GOPID2Level[7] = 4;
  }

  m_encRCSeq = new TEncRCSeq;
  m_encRCSeq->create( totalFrames, targetBitrate, frameRate, GOPSize, picWidth, picHeight, LCUWidth, LCUHeight, numberOfLevel, useLCUSeparateModel, adaptiveBit );
  m_encRCSeq->initBitsRatio( bitsRatio );
  m_encRCSeq->initGOPID2Level( GOPID2Level );
  m_encRCSeq->initPicPara();
  if ( useLCUSeparateModel )
  {
    m_encRCSeq->initLCUPara();
  }

  delete[] bitsRatio;
  delete[] GOPID2Level;
}

Void TEncRateCtrl::initRCPic( Int frameLevel )
{
  m_encRCPic = new TEncRCPic;
  m_encRCPic->create( m_encRCSeq, m_encRCGOP, frameLevel, m_listRCPictures );
}

Void TEncRateCtrl::initRCGOP( Int numberOfPictures )
{
  m_encRCGOP = new TEncRCGOP;
  m_encRCGOP->create( m_encRCSeq, numberOfPictures );
}

Void TEncRateCtrl::destroyRCGOP()
{
  delete m_encRCGOP;
  m_encRCGOP = NULL;
}